U.S.A. National Assembly, Committee Report, Fifteenth URSI General Munich, September 1966: Commission 6, Radio Waves and Transmission OF Information; Progress. in Radio Waves and Transmission of

Abstract

Many important papers have appeared; only a few can be given here. In cylindrical antenna theory, accurate current and field distributions were found for isolated [King and Wu, 1965] and coupled [King and Sandler, 1964] elements. A fine summary of broadband antennas by Jordan was referenced in recent studies of log‐spiral antennas [Dyson, 1965]. New structures included the wire‐grid HF Luneburg lens [Sharp, 1965] and double‐helix antennas [Ehrenspeck, 1965]. Advances in large quasi‐optical antennas included an analysis of focal fields and line source feeds for spherical reflectors [Schell, 1963]; analysis of reflector‐subreflector systems such as Cassegrain and Gregorian types [Morgan, 1964]; and a book treating aperture antennas and including many references [Hansen, 1964]. Progress in optical scanning systems included geodesic Luneburg lenses [Ruddock, Ryan, and Walter, 1964], bootlace lenses [Kales and Brown 1965], and parallel‐plate scanners [Rotman and Turner, 1963]. Electronic scanning of phased arrays received major attention. Mutual impedance changes With scan angles were analyzed by the impedance crater concept [Rhodes, 1964]; also techniques for compensating for these changes were developed [Hannan, Lerner, and Knittel, 1965). Important progress has been made in digital phase shifters. The diode type [White, 1965] has recently been supplemented by latching types employing ferrite cores [Whicker and Jones, 1965]. Adaptive array systems were covered in a special issue [IEEE, 1964]; of particular interest are the Gruenberg paper on retrodirective systems and the Skolnik and King paper on selfsteering arrays. The annular slot array has been developed for monopulse [Kelly and Goebels, 1964]. Nonuniformly spaced array sidelobes have been bounded by a probabilistic approach [Lo, 1964]. Finally, the important but long unsolved problem of an optimum directivity source with supergain ratio constraint was formally solved [Rhodes, 1963].

An Exploration of the Three-Layer Model Including Stakeholders, Markets and Technologies for Assessments of Residential Smart Grids

“…Our research consisted of reviewing journal papers, conference papers, reports and websites of interest to smart grids in the framework of technologies, markets, and stakeholders. The term 'smart grid' was used for the first time in 1966 [26]. Caution should be taken because at that time the term 'smart grid' was related to radio wave transmissions instead of electricity grids.…”