Background: The main aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic and family factors associated with binge drinking in Spanish adolescents who participated in a web-based computer intervention for the prevention of binge drinking known as Alerta Alcohol. Methods: Longitudinal analyses were carried out in a sample of Andalusian adolescents aged 15 to 19 enrolled in public schools, which was part of a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Panel count data and the following econometric procedures were used: negative binomial, a two-part model and a finite mixture model. A total of 1,247 subjects in the pre-intervention period, with an average age of 16.8 years, plus 612 adolescents in the follow-up period, were included in the analysis. Results: In relation to findings, being older (≥ 17 years old), having more pocket money and higher family alcohol consumption were associated with greater binge drinking. By contrast, subjects who completed the questionnaire on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, further from the previous weekend, indicated a lower number of occasions of binge drinking. Conclusions: Our results suggest the need to include families, especially parents and siblings, in interventions aimed at preventing alcohol use among adolescents, given the association shown between both weekly pocket money or availability of money to adolescents, family alcohol consumption and binge drinking. Given the findings with regard to age, future research aimed at intervening in early adolescence to prevent binge drinking would be justified.