U.S. Eastern Interconnection (EI) Electromechanical Wave Propagation and the Impact of High PV Penetration on its Speed

Impact of High PV Penetration on Transient Stability — a Case Study on the U.S. ERCOT System

“…In a previous work supported by U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], the high PV cases for the ERCOT system were developed in PSS ® E for 5%, 25%, 45%, and 65% PV with 15% wind. The high PV cases were developed by replacing conventional synchronous generators with PV power plants, with a sequence of replacement starting from coal power plants, then gas power plants, and further nuclear power plants.…”

Solar PV Frequency Control in the U.S. EI and ERCOT Interconnections — Case Studies and Recommendations

“…The displacement of synchronous generators with PV has direct impacts on the system inertia level and frequency regulation capability. Many power systems starts to notice the risks of insufficient system inertia and frequency regulation resources due to the increase of PV and other nonsynchronous renewable generation [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], largely thanks to the deployment of wide-area synchrophasor measurement systems .…”

Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) Curve and Fast Frequency Response Assessment in High Renewable Power Systems

“…Renewable generation is increasing in many power grids [1][2][3][4][5][6], influencing both operation and planning [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Since the increase of renewable penetration reduces system inertia and governor response, power system frequency response has become a major concern of high renewable power systems [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The common approach to evaluate system steady-state frequency response is a constant value whose unit is MW/0.1Hz [31][32][33][34][35].…”