U.S.-Japan automobile trade

Tsurumi, Hiroki; Tsurumi, Yoshi

doi:10.1016/0304-4076(93)90076-h

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Dispersing Pt on carbon supports.-Pt was deposited from an aqueous solution of hydrogen hexachloroplatinate͑IV͒ ͑8 wt % H 2 PtCl 6 in water from Aldrich Chemicals͒ onto carbon blacks with or without adsorbed complexes for a Pt loading of 20%. Sodium thiosulfate ͑Fisher Scientific͒ was used as a reducing agent and a procedure similar to the one used by Tsurumi et al 15 was followed. Sodium thiosulfate, 20% excess over the stoichiometric amount, was gradually added to a solution containing H 2 PtCl 6 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO-Tolerant, Sulfided Platinum Catalysts for PEMFCs

Venkataraman

Kunz

Fenton

2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Tolerance to small amounts of CO is important for proton exchange membrane fuel cells ͑PEMFCs͒ operating on hydrogen obtained by reforming carbon-based fuels. Platinum-based catalysts used today suffer high anode polarization losses, reducing performance and fuel efficiency. Here, findings in the search for CO-tolerant catalysts are reported. Novel platinum-based catalysts were discovered that show low polarization for oxidation of hydrogen containing 104 ppm CO, and little adsorbed CO was observed in CO stripping studies. Platinum in these catalysts is believed to have sulfur in its structure obtained from sodium thiosulfate used in the synthesis of the Pt catalysts. The activity of the catalyst varies with the amount of free platinum surface available, with one catalyst showing better activity than the Pt-Ru catalyst. Sulfur present in the catalysts resulted in redox activity at lower potentials than that shown by adsorbed sulfur on Pt and was stable during cyclic potential sweeps.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO-Tolerant, Sulfided Platinum Catalysts for PEMFCs

Venkataraman

Kunz

Fenton

2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Recently, three‐layered LIPNs based on acrylic polymers have been reported in many patents 7–10. The apparent kinetics of the polymerization process for three‐layered LIPNs and the morphology and dynamic properties were studied by Zhang and coworkers 11, 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

n‐Butyl acrylate based latex interpenetrating polymer networks used as processing modifiers and impact modifiers of poly(vinyl chloride)

Zhang

Pan

Zhang

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A latex interpenetrating polymer network (LIPN), consisting of poly(n-butyl acrylate), poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-ethylhexyl acrylate), and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) and labeled PBEM, with 1,4-butanediol diacrylate as a crosslinking agent was synthesized by three-stage emulsion polymerization. The initial poly(n-butyl acrylate) latex was agglomerated by a polymer latex containing an acrylic acid residue and then was encapsulated by poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-ethylhexyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate). A polyblend of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and PBEM was prepared through the blending of PVC and PBEM. The morphology and properties of the polyblend were studied. The experimental results showed that the processability and impact resistance of PVC could be enhanced considerably by the blending of 6 -10 phr PBEM. This three-stage LIPN PBEM is a promising modifier for manufacturing rigid PVC.

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“…Sulfided platinum catalysts were prepared by the procedure similar to the one used by Venkataraman et al [1] The electrocatalysts were obtained by the reduction of hydrogen hexachloroplatinate (8 wt % H 2 PtCl 6 in water from Aldrich Chemicals) with sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Merck) as a reducing agent [2] , in the presence of carbon powder (Vulcan XC-72) , using 20 wt% as the metal/carbon ratio. The solution was heated and stirred.…”

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confidence: 99%