U.S. Transuranium Registry Report on the 239Pu Distribution in a Human Body

McInroy, J.F.; Kathren, R.L.; Voelz, G.L.; Swint, M.J.

doi:10.1097/00004032-199103000-00001

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The ICRP30 compartmental model for Class Y aerosols with an activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of 1 (jm is shown in Table 1, and the metabolic model for Th in body organs is shown in Table 2. ICRP30 pointed out the need for more metabolic data to reduce the uncertainties in estimates of committed dose equivalent, and Kathren (1988) has reported apparent discrepancies between metabolic models and measurements of long-lived actinide nuclides in humans. In a recent paper on the distribution of 239 Pu in a human subject, Mclnroy et al (1991) reported somewhat higher than predicted concentrations of Pu in soft tissues but rather good agreement with ICRP30 for the relative amounts in the skeleton and liver. Kathren (1988) emphasized that model predictions should be tested by comparison with actual measurements in human tissues after death, and this has already been done to some extent by studies of environmental Th in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Thorium-232 in human tissues: Metabolic parameters and radiation doses

Stehney¹

1994

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Higher than environmental levels of 232 Th have been found in autopsy samples of lungs and other organs from four former employees of a Th refinery. Working periods of the subjects ranged from 3 to 24 years, and times from end of work to death ranged from 6 to 31 years. Concentrations of 232 Th in these samples and in tissues from two cases of non-occupational exposure were examined for compatibility with dosimetric models in Publication 30 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP 1979a). The concentrations of 232 Th in the lungs of the Th workers relative to the concentrations in bone or liver were much higher than calculated from the model for class Y aerosols of Th and the exposure histories of the subjects, and concentrations in the pulmonary lymph nodes were much lower than calculated for three of the Th workers and both non-occupational cases. Least-squares fits to the measured concentrations showed that the biological half-times of Th in liver, spleen, and kidneys are similar to the half-time in bone instead of the factor of 10 less suggested in Publication 30, and the fractions translocated from body fluids were found to be about 0.03, 0.02, and 0.005, respectively, when the fraction to bone was held at the suggested value of 0.7. Fitted values of the respiratory parameters differed significantly between cases and the differences were ascribable to aerosol differences. Average inhalation rates calculated for individual Th workers ranged from 50

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Thorium-232 in human tissues: Metabolic parameters and radiation doses

Stehney¹

1994

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“…Tissue samples collected at autopsy were analyzed for 238 Pu, 239+240 Pu, and 241 Am. Sample collection, dissection, and radiochemical analysis were described elsewhere (McInroy et al 1985; Moody et al 1998). Briefly, the tissue samples were dried at 120 °C, wet-ashed with the nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide mixture, and dry-ashed at 450 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation of Soluble Plutonium: 53-year Follow-up of Manhattan Project Worker

2021

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This whole-body tissue donor to the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries was occupationally exposed to plutonium nitrate-dioxide mixture via chronic inhalation. This individual was involved in the Manhattan Project operations and later participated in medical follow-up studies. Soft tissues and bones collected at autopsy were analyzed for 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am. Fifty-three years post-intake, 700±2 Bq of 239+240Pu were still retained in the skeleton, 661±11 Bq in the liver, and 282±3 Bq in the respiratory tract. Bioassay measurements and organ activities at the time of death were used to estimate the intake and radiation doses using the TAURUS internal dosimetry software. For this individual, an ICRP Publication 130 Human Respiratory Tract Model with case-specific particle size of 0.3 μm, ICRP Publication 100 Human Alimentary Tract Model, and ICRP Publication 141 Plutonium Systemic Model adequately described long-term plutonium retention and excretion. The total cumulative 239+240Pu intake of 31,716 Bq was estimated, of which 24,853 Bq (78.4%) were contributed by inhalation of plutonium nitrate and 6,863 Bq (21.6%) of plutonium dioxide. The committed equivalent doses to the red bone marrow, bone surface, liver, lungs, and brain were 0.71 Sv, 6.5 Sv, 8.3 Sv, 3.8 Sv, and 0.068 Sv, respectively. The committed effective dose was 1.22 Sv.

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“…McInroy et al (38) have reported a whole-body distribution of 239Pu in an occupationally exposed worker. The worker was involved in operations with plutonium exposure from 1945 to 1982, approximately 10.5 months before his death.…”

Section: Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biokinetics of nuclear fuel compounds and biological effects of nonuniform radiation.

Lang

Servomaa

Kosma

et al. 1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Environmental releases of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds may occur at nuclear power plants during normal operation, after nuclear power plant accidents, and as a consequence of nuclear weapons testing. For example, the Chernobyl fallout contained extensive amounts of pulverized nuclear fuel composed of uranium and its nonvolatile fission products. The effects of these highly radioactive particles, also called hot particles, on humans are not well known due to lack of reliable data on the extent of the exposure. However, the biokinetics and biological effects of nuclear fuel compounds have been investigated in a number of experimental studies using various cellular systems and laboratory animals. In this article, we review the biokinetic properties and effects of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds, with special reference to UO2, PuO2, and nonvolatile, long-lived beta-emitters Zr, Nb, Ru, and Ce. First, the data on hot particles, including sources, dosimetry, and human exposure are discussed. Second, the biokinetics of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract are reviewed. Finally, short- and long-term biological effects of nonuniform alpha- and beta-irradiation on the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin are discussed.Imagesp920-aFigure 1.

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U.S. Transuranium Registry Report on the 239Pu Distribution in a Human Body

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Thorium-232 in human tissues: Metabolic parameters and radiation doses

Thorium-232 in human tissues: Metabolic parameters and radiation doses

Inhalation of Soluble Plutonium: 53-year Follow-up of Manhattan Project Worker

Biokinetics of nuclear fuel compounds and biological effects of nonuniform radiation.

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