UAV-based remote sensing surveys of lava flow fields: a case study from Etna’s 1974 channel-fed lava flows

Favalli, Massimiliano; Fornaciai, Alessandro; Nannipieri, Luca; Harris, Andrew; Calvari, Sonia; Lormand, Charline

doi:10.1007/s00445-018-1192-6

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Recent developments in drone technology (in terms of both physical capability and user‐accessibility) have been matched by a drive toward increasingly lightweight and compact sensor payloads, such that the resulting Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are rapidly becoming “go‐to” solutions for a wide range of volcanological applications. UAS are driving the greatest advances in those fields requiring either proximal measurements in extreme environments or large areal coverage, including lava flow mapping, constructing topographic models, and eruptive volume estimations (Darmawan et al, ; Favalli et al, ; Moussallam et al, ; Müller et al, ; Nakano et al, ; Turner et al, ), post‐eruption visual observation (Koyama et al, ), thermal imaging (Di Stefano et al, ), aeromagnetic surveys (Hashimoto et al, ; Kaneko et al, ), DOAS traverses for SO 2 flux determination, and volcanic gas measurements and sampling (Diaz et al, ; Di Stefano et al, ; McGonigle et al, ; Mori et al, ; Pieri et al, ; Rüdiger et al, ; Shinohara, ; Stix et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Outgassing and Plume Transport Revealed by Proximal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile

Liu

Wood

Mason

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Volcanic gas emissions are intimately linked to the dynamics of magma ascent and outgassing and, on geological time scales, constitute an important source of volatiles to the Earth's atmosphere. Measurements of gas composition and flux are therefore critical to both volcano monitoring and to determining the contribution of volcanoes to global geochemical cycles. However, significant gaps remain in our global inventories of volcanic emissions, (particularly for CO 2 , which requires proximal sampling of a concentrated plume) for those volcanoes where the near-vent region is hazardous or inaccessible. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) provide a robust and effective solution to proximal sampling of dense volcanic plumes in extreme volcanic environments. Here we present gas compositional data acquired using a gas sensor payload aboard a UAS flown at Volcán Villarrica, Chile. We compare UAS-derived gas time series to simultaneous crater rim multi-GAS data and UV camera imagery to investigate early plume evolution. SO 2 concentrations measured in the young proximal plume exhibit periodic variations that are well correlated with the concentrations of other species. By combining molar gas ratios (CO 2 /SO 2 = 1.48-1.68, H 2 O/SO 2 = 67-75, and H 2 O/CO 2 = 45-51) with the SO 2 flux (142 ± 17 t/day) from UV camera images, we derive CO 2 and H 2 O fluxes of~150 t/day and~2,850 t/day, respectively. We observe good agreement between time-averaged molar gas ratios obtained from simultaneous UAS-and ground-based multi-GAS acquisitions. However, the UAS measurements made in the young, less diluted plume reveal additional short-term periodic structure that reflects active degassing through discrete, audible gas exhalations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Outgassing and Plume Transport Revealed by Proximal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile

Liu

Wood

Mason

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Over the past two decades, photogrammetry has been used in conjunction with other high‐resolution imaging techniques to characterize the evolution of lava flows in four dimensions. Measurement techniques include stereo‐imaging (James et al, , ; James & Robson, ) and structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry from both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles (Farquharson et al, ; Favalli et al, ; Turner, Houghton, et al, ; Turner, Perroy, et al, ) using a range of different sensors. Optical and light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors allow construction of high‐resolution surface models to analyze the evolution of morphological parameters that capture the dynamics of flow emplacement (Behncke et al, ; Favalli et al, ; James et al, ; Kolzenburg et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Pāhoehoe Lava Emplacement Using Visible and Thermal Structure‐From‐Motion Photogrammetry

et al. 2019

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We present the evolution over 3 months of a 2016–2017 pāhoehoe flow at Kīlauea as it changed from a narrow sheet flow into a compound lava field fed by a stable system of tubes. The portion of the flow located on Kīlauea's coastal plain was characterized using helicopter‐based visible and thermal structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry to construct a series of georeferenced digital surface models and thermal maps on eight different days. Results reveal key influences on the emplacement and evolution of such long‐lived pāhoehoe flows. This region of the flow grew by ~12 × 106 m3 with a near‐constant time‐average discharge rate of 1.2–2.7 m3/s. The development of two tube systems is captured and shows an initial nascent tube enhanced by a narrow topographic confinement, which later inflated and created a topographic inversion that modulated the emplacement of a second flow lobe with its own tube system. The analysis of breakouts at various stages of the field's life suggests that the evolution of the thermal and morphological properties of the flow surface reflect its maturity. Thermal properties of breakouts were used to expand the empirical relationship of breakout cooling to longer timescales. This study contributes to the long‐term development and validation of more accurate predictive models for pāhoehoe, required during the management of long‐lasting lava flow crises in Hawai'i and elsewhere.

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“…During flow in a channelled regime, simple shearing is limited to the edges of the channel (Borgia et al 1983;Dragoni et al 1986Dragoni et al , 1992Harris et al 2002). As a result, curvilinear ridges connect the stalled channel margins to the mobile central flow zone, also observed in other preserved flows (Fink 1980b;Lipman and Banks 1987;Favalli et al 2018). Large-scale structures, including folds (height and width > 2 m), ramp structures and flow channels control local deformation, with channels hosting stretching lineations and smaller scale folds.…”

Section: Channel Developmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)

2018

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The Rocche Rosse lava flow marks the most recent rhyolitic extrusion on Lipari island (Italy), and preserves evidence for a multi-stage emplacement history. Due to the viscous nature of the advancing lava (10 8 to 10 10 Pa s), indicators of complex emplacement processes are preserved in the final flow. This study focuses on structural mapping of the flow to highlight the interplay of cooling, crust formation and underlying slope in the development of rhyolitic lavas. The flow is made up of two prominent lobes, small (< 0.2 m) to large (> 0.2 m) scale folding and a channelled geometry. Foliations dip at 2-4°over the flatter topography close to the vent, and up to 30-50°over steeper mid-flow topography. Brittle faults, tension gashes and conjugate fractures are also evident across flow. Heterogeneous deformation is evident through increasing fold asymmetry from the vent due to downflow cooling and stagnation. A steeper underlying topography mid-flow led to development of a channelled morphology, and compression at topographic breaks resulted in fold superimposition in the channel. We propose an emplacement history that involved the evolution through five stages, each associated with the following flow regimes: (1) initial extrusion, crustal development and small scale folding; (2) extensional strain, stretching lineations and channel development over steeper topography; (3) compression at topographic break, autobrecciation, lobe development and medium scale folding; (4) progressive deformation with stagnation, large-scale folding and refolding; and (5) brittle deformation following flow termination. The complex array of structural elements observed within the Rocche Rosse lava flow facilitates comparisons to be made with actively deforming rhyolitic lava flows at the Chilean volcanoes of Chaitén and Cordón Caulle, offering a fluid dynamic and structural framework within which to evaluate our data.

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UAV-based remote sensing surveys of lava flow fields: a case study from Etna’s 1974 channel-fed lava flows

Cited by 54 publications

References 66 publications

Dynamics of Outgassing and Plume Transport Revealed by Proximal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile

Dynamics of Outgassing and Plume Transport Revealed by Proximal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile

Insights Into Pāhoehoe Lava Emplacement Using Visible and Thermal Structure‐From‐Motion Photogrammetry

Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)

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