“…Path planning algorithms are now widely used in the civilian and military fields. The civil applications of path planning algorithms include robotic transportation and distribution [1], the automatic driving of civilian UAVs [2,3], intelligent robotic obstacle avoidance planning [4], etc. In addition, the path planning method has also been used in military-related projects, including military UAV formation planning, missile trajectory planning [5], underwater vehicle trajectory tracking [6], etc.…”