UAV rapidly-deployable stage sensor with electro-permanent magnet docking mechanism for flood monitoring in undersampled watersheds

Smith, Corinne; Satme, Joud; Martin, Jacob; Downey, Austin; Vitzilaios, Nikolaos; Imran, Jasim

doi:10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00325

“…It can handle a high current of up to 3.2A and a maximum voltage of up to +26 V [33]. In previous research, the INA219 sensor has been utilized for voltage measurements [34,35], current size [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], voltage and current measurement [44]- [54], and for the voltage, current and power consumption [55][56][57][58][59][60]. We modified the microcontroller program of the INA219 sensor on TTGO LoRa ESP32 to be used to determine the earth's resistance.…”

Section: The Testing Of Crm Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Current Injection Technique for Enhancing Resistivity Method

Nurpadillah,

Cahyadi,

Mukhtar

et al. 2024

IJEER

0

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Geo-electrical resistivity methods are widely used in various fields and have significant applications in scientific and practical research. Despite the widespread use of resistivity methods, current injection is a critical step in the process of resistivity methods, and the quality of current injection significantly impacts the accuracy of the resistivity measurements. One primary challenge is optimizing current injection techniques to enhance resistivity methods. The developed current injector model for the resistivity meter instrument enhances performance by increasing the voltage source to 400 Volts, extending measurement coverage. It provides three injection current options, 0.5A, 0.8A, and 1A, for efficient accumulator use, considering electrode distances and estimating earth resistance using Contact Resistance Measurement (CRM) to estimate the earth resistance. CRM mode ensures proper electrode connection before injection, thus improving measurement efficiency. The embedded TTGO LoRa ESP32 SX1276 facilitates wireless communication over 1.5 km, addressing challenges in remote and internet-limited areas. The model demonstrates reliability, validity, and durability in CRM mode and current injection measurement. Regarding reliability, we determine the relative error of the model by carrying out measurements repeatedly. In lab-scale testing, the average Relative Error in CRM mode is 0.65%, and in earth resistance measurement testing, it is 1.58%. These relative errors are below the 2% maximum error applied in the “Supersting”, a commercial resistivity instrument. The model's validity is defined by comparing the model with the measuring instrument; we have absolute error. In lab scale testing, the average Absolute Error in CRM mode is 3.08%, and in earth resistance measurement testing, it is 3.73%. The model's durability is tested by injecting current for a minute. After one minute of current injection, the power resistor component's temperature is stable at 30°C.

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“…It can handle a high current of up to 3.2A and a maximum voltage of up to +26 V [33]. In previous research, the INA219 sensor has been utilized for voltage measurements [34,35], current size [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], voltage and current measurement [44]- [54], and for the voltage, current and power consumption [55][56][57][58][59][60]. We modified the microcontroller program of the INA219 sensor on TTGO LoRa ESP32 to be used to determine the earth's resistance.…”

Section: The Testing Of Crm Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Current Injection Technique for Enhancing Resistivity Method

Nurpadillah,

Cahyadi,

Mukhtar

et al. 2024

IJEER

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geo-electrical resistivity methods are widely used in various fields and have significant applications in scientific and practical research. Despite the widespread use of resistivity methods, current injection is a critical step in the process of resistivity methods, and the quality of current injection significantly impacts the accuracy of the resistivity measurements. One primary challenge is optimizing current injection techniques to enhance resistivity methods. The developed current injector model for the resistivity meter instrument enhances performance by increasing the voltage source to 400 Volts, extending measurement coverage. It provides three injection current options, 0.5A, 0.8A, and 1A, for efficient accumulator use, considering electrode distances and estimating earth resistance using Contact Resistance Measurement (CRM) to estimate the earth resistance. CRM mode ensures proper electrode connection before injection, thus improving measurement efficiency. The embedded TTGO LoRa ESP32 SX1276 facilitates wireless communication over 1.5 km, addressing challenges in remote and internet-limited areas. The model demonstrates reliability, validity, and durability in CRM mode and current injection measurement. Regarding reliability, we determine the relative error of the model by carrying out measurements repeatedly. In lab-scale testing, the average Relative Error in CRM mode is 0.65%, and in earth resistance measurement testing, it is 1.58%. These relative errors are below the 2% maximum error applied in the “Supersting”, a commercial resistivity instrument. The model's validity is defined by comparing the model with the measuring instrument; we have absolute error. In lab scale testing, the average Absolute Error in CRM mode is 3.08%, and in earth resistance measurement testing, it is 3.73%. The model's durability is tested by injecting current for a minute. After one minute of current injection, the power resistor component's temperature is stable at 30°C.

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“…ultrasonic sensor characteristics can be seen from the effect of distance on the voltage generated by the sensor. The results obtained are a directly proportional relationship between the distance and the voltage sensor where the greater the distance.The greater the voltage generated by the sensor [11].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A flood detection system and flood door control based on Arduino

Fotian,

Haqqi,

Yohandri

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

0

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Flooding has become one of the most serious problems for Indonesians, particularly in flood-prone areas. Floods can be hazardous to the community, particularly if they occur suddenly, at night, or at unpredictable times. The answer to these problems is the installation of a flood detection system and a flood barrier door control system. In this paper, a flood detection system and flood door control based on will be presented. Ultrasonic sensors monitor the air level, a SIM800L module delivers signals, a stepper motor operates the door, an LCD shows the air level, and a buzzer offers an immediate warning. The accuracy and precision of the ultrasonic sensor are 98.83% and 99.40%, respectively. Based on the accuracy and precision of the system, it can be concluded that the system can be used for flood control systems.

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UAV rapidly-deployable stage sensor with electro-permanent magnet docking mechanism for flood monitoring in undersampled watersheds

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Optimizing Current Injection Technique for Enhancing Resistivity Method

Optimizing Current Injection Technique for Enhancing Resistivity Method

Optimizing Current Injection Technique for Enhancing Resistivity Method

A flood detection system and flood door control based on Arduino

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