Über die analeptische Wirkung des Salamanderalkaloides Samandarin

Geßner, Otto; Esser, Werner

doi:10.1007/bf01858683

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Differences in samandaridine and samandenone among populations are difficult to explain, as little is known about their biological activity. Older sources claim samandarine is the most potent SAM (Geßner & Esser 1935b; Kellaway 1939) but Becker (1986) suggested similar LD50‐values for all SAMs, at least in lab mice. In addition, chemical defense in S. atra is likely a far more complicated story involving more elements than just the SAMs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin variation among salamander populations: discussing potential causes and future directions

et al. 2020

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Amphibians produce defensive chemicals which provide protection against both predators and infections. Within species, populations can differ considerably in the composition and amount of these chemical defenses. Studying intraspecific variation in toxins and linking it to environmental variables may help us to identify the selective drivers of toxin evolution, such as predation pressure and infection risk. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the unique toxins produced by salamanders from the genus Salamandra: the samandarines. Despite this attention, intraspecific variation has largely been ignored within Salamandra-species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether geographic variation in profiles of samandarines exists, by sampling 4 populations of Salamandra atra over its range in the Dinaric Alps. In addition, we preliminary explored whether potential variation could be explained by predation (counting the number of snake species) and infection risk (cultivation and genomic analyses of collected soil samples). Salamanders from the 4 populations differed in toxin composition and in the size of their poison glands, although not in overall toxin quantity. Nor predation nor infection risk could explain this variation, as populations barely differed in these variables. Sampling over a much broader geographic range, using better estimators for predation and infection risk, will contribute to an improved understanding of how environment may shape variation in chemical defenses. Nevertheless, as the 4 populations of S. atra did differ in their toxin profiles, we propose that this species provides an interesting opportunity for further ecological and evolutionary studies on amphibian toxins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin variation among salamander populations: discussing potential causes and future directions

et al. 2020

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“…Aza-alkaloids display important biological and pharmacological properties including antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral activities, and others. [5,17,[46][47][48][49][50] Steroidal alkaloids were first isolated from the skin glands of Salamandra in the mid-30s of the 20th century, [51] although they have been known since 1866. [52] Samanine (38) and samandarin (39) were isolated from the skin glands of Salamandra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[52] Samanine (38) and samandarin (39) were isolated from the skin glands of Salamandra. [51,53] More recently, the two major alkaloids, samandarine (39) and samandarone (41), were identified in the skin secretion of individual specimens from two populations of the European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra terrestris). [54] From the skin toxin of Salamandra maculosa maculosa and taeniata could be isolated as another alkaloid Oacetyl-samandarin (40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly oxygenated isoprenoid lipids derived from terrestrial and aquatic sources: Origin, structures and biological activities

Vil

Gloriozova

Terent’ev

et al. 2019

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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This mini review is devoted to an interesting group of natural terpenoids called highly oxygenated isoprenoid lipids (HOIL). Their producers are microorganisms, as well as they are found in plants, fungi, animals and marine organisms. The present review consists of three parts. For all three groups of HOIL presented, the chemical structure and the calculated biological activity are given. The first is an overview of HOIL found in nature with a description of some of the pharmacological properties and activity. For the first group of terpenoids, the most characteristic activities are anti‐seborrheic, antineoplastic, and anti‐inflammatory, and they can be used as ovulation inhibitors with a certainty of 85 to 91 percent. In the second part, we present an interesting group of heterocyclic HOIL (or steroidal alkaloids) found in nature with an indication of their possible activity. For the second group of HOIL, the most characteristic activities are: hypolipemic, antifungal, and antineoplastic, and they can be used as lipid metabolism regulators with a confidence of 81 to 89 percent. And in the third group, we represent HOIL derived from marine microorganisms and invertebrates. For the third group of HOIL, the most characteristic activities are: antineoplastic and antipsoriatic and they can be used as cytochrome P450 inhibitors and hepatoprotectants with a confidence of 77 to 93 percent.

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