Über die anodische oxydation von aktivkohlen in wässrigen elektrolyten

Binder, H.; Köhling, A.; Richter, K.; Sandstede, G.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(64)80015-3

Cited by 82 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…28 Carbon electrodes often require preconditioning or cleaning processes in order to obtain a stable surface response, and many treatment procedures can be found in the literature. 13,15,[29][30][31][32][33] The CFMEs in this study were "preconditioned" by scanning from −0.5 V to +1.3 V for 50 cycles at 100 mV s −1 . The active surface area of CFMEs was monitored by electrochemical capacitance, after preconditioning for various numbers of cycles (capacitance was determined using cyclic voltammetry at varying scan rates between 0.16 V and 0.56 V vs MSE).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Electrochemical Treatment of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Leading to In Situ Enhancement of Vanadium Flow Battery Efficiency

Miller

Bourke

Quill

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novel carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) and flow cell experiments were used to investigate electrode treatments for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on CFMEs showed that electrode treatments at positive potentials enhance the kinetics of V 2+ /V 3+ and inhibit the kinetics of VO 2+ /VO 2 + , while electrode treatments at negative potentials inhibit the kinetics of V 2+ /V 3+ and enhance the kinetics of VO 2+ /VO 2 + . XPS analysis showed changes in oxygen-containing species on electrode surfaces after treatment, supporting the suggestion that such species are responsible for the observed effects. The kinetics of VO 2+ /VO 2 + are significantly faster than that of V 2+ /V 3+ . Based on the CFME results, the range of potential experienced by a negative electrode in a flow cell during operation corresponds to a region where it is being deactivated by reduction, and the redox potential of the positive half-cell falls in a region where the electrode is activated for the V 2+ /V 3+ reaction. This is supported by flow cell experiments which showed that the overpotential at the negative electrode increases with charge-discharge cycling but decreases significantly when the positive and negative electrolytes are interchanged. The all-vanadium flow battery (VFB) has received attention as a load leveling technology for large-scale energy storage.1-4 This technology is capable of interfacing with renewable energy sources and provides an alternative solution to balancing power consumption and generation. Despite the advantages, VFBs have not yet been widely commercialized. Significant improvements are needed to enhance flow battery systems. Limitations include ion transport through the membrane, mass transport resistances within the electrodes, and electrode reaction kinetics. 5 Recently, attention has been directed toward improvement of electrochemical properties of carbon based electrode materials. Modifications via thermal treatments, chemical oxidation, or electrochemical oxidation are thought to enhance electrochemical activity.6-12 The presence of oxygen containing functional groups has been shown to directly affect the kinetics; surface oxides resulting from the aforementioned treatments are thought to act as active sites, catalyzing the vanadium reactions.13 Some researchers have reported an increase [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] while others reported a decrease 14 in activity upon functionalization of carbon electrodes. Many of these studies have been conducted using glassy carbon, 15,16 graphite, 17 carbon paper, 18 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 19 or carbon composites. 20 One group concluded that the kinetics for the VO 2+ /VO 2 + reaction are faster than the V 2+ /V 3+ reaction at a plastic formed carbon electrode, but found the opposite when using pyrolytic graphite. 21 Previously, we reported that electrochemical oxidation treatments enhanced the V 2+ /V 3+ reaction kinetics, whereas electrochemical reduction treatments enhanced the VO 2...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Electrochemical Treatment of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Leading to In Situ Enhancement of Vanadium Flow Battery Efficiency

Miller

Bourke

Quill

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…48 While many in the literature still assume a 100% CO 2 current efficiency, our results agree with the results of Binder et al, who conducted one of the first in-depth studies of the electrochemical oxidation of carbon in acids. 49 An example of such a reaction is suggested in Eq. 4…”

Section: B827mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nanostructure in the Electrochemical Oxidation of Model-Carbon Materials in Acidic Environments

Gallagher¹,

Yushin

Fuller

2010

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon is ubiquitous in electrochemical energy devices and may exist in varied forms ranging from crystalline or amorphous to novel nanostructures based on a few sheets of graphene. The electrochemical oxidation of carbon results in the performance degradation of the electrochemical device. A study on the structure-reactivity relationship of the electrochemical oxidation of graphene-based carbon materials ͑carbon black, carbon onions, multiwalled nanotubes, and exfoliated graphite platelets͒ is presented. High resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and N 2 adsorption were used to characterize the materials tested. Both liquid half-cell tests and proton exchange membrane fuel cell tests with inline carbon dioxide analysis were used to study the electrochemical behavior. The electrochemical oxidation of 10 seemingly disparate carbon materials was separated into two distinct mechanisms. Both mechanisms approach an 80% current efficiency for carbon dioxide formation. Iron and sulfur impurities are insignificant controlling factors. The difference between the two mechanisms is tentatively attributed to the degree of interlayer interaction between graphene sheets.

show abstract

“…Carbon black has been well known as an ideal material for supporting nanosized metallic particles in the electrode for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. However, kinetically slow, yet thermodynamically favourable electrochemical oxidation of carbon at fuel cell potentials limits long-term stability of the supported catalysts [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Despite the relatively low operation temperature in the fuel cell, the electrode encounters conditions favourable to oxidation such as the presence of oxygen, liquid water, and high potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%