Über die Nervengeflechte der Duodenalzotten

Stach, W

doi:10.1159/000143995

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Scattered references describe such associations in the skin, myocardium, ileum, mesentery, and diaphragm of a variety of animals (23)(24)(25)(26). In the last two sites, occasional substance P-containing nerves were seen in apposition to mast cells (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal mucosal mast cells in normal and nematode-infected rat intestines are in intimate contact with peptidergic nerves.

Stead¹,

Tomioka²,

Quinonez³

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

485

255

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Inflammatory or allergic conditions, as well as situations where healing and repair processes occur, are characterized by the presence of increased numbers of mast cells. Previous work on the effect of neuropeptides on mast cell mediator release showed that only substance P caused such release from intestinal mucosal mast cells [Shanahan, F., Denburg, J. A., Fox, J., Bienenstock, J. & Befus, A. D. (1985) J. Immunol. 135, 1331Immunol. 135, -1337. Accordingly, we investigated the microanatomical relationship between mast cells and enteric nerves in normal rat intestine and parasite-infected rat intestine, in which mucosal mast cell hyperplasia occurs. Combined immunohistochemistry for neuron-specific enolase and staining with alcian blue at pH 0.5 was employed on paraffinembedded sections of normal and Nippostrongylus brasiliensisinfected rat jejunum. Sixty-seven percent of intestinal mucosal mast cells were touching subepithelial nerves, and an additional 20% were within 2 ,im of nerves. Assessment of the proportion of the lamina propria occupied by mast cells (12.5%), the average mast cell area (121 ± 28 MAm2), and the density of enteric nerves (one per 788 ± 151 ,um2) suggested that the association was 5 times greater than would be expected by chance alone (P < 0.0001). In consecutive sections, the nerves in contact with mast cells were also shown to contain substance P and/or calcitonin-gene-related peptide. Electron microscopy confirmed this association: 8% of the mast cells in infected rats exhibited membrane-membrane contact with unmyelinated axons containing 70-to 170-nm dense-core vesicles, and an additional 31% were situated less than 250 nm from nerves. Other mast cells appeared to embrace nerve bundles through the projection of lamellopodia. These data provide systematic quantitative evidence that a structural foundation for communication between the immune and nervous systems exists in the rat gastrointestinal tract.The histochemical and functional heterogeneity of mast cells is well described and accepted, especially in the rat (1, 2). Major functional differences have been shown between mast cells obtained from the peritoneal cavity (PMCs) and intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMCs) isolated from the normal lamina propria as well as from rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, which promotes intestinal mast cell hyperplasia (3, 4). Many secretagogues that affect PMCs have no effect on IMMCs, and similar differential effects are seen with many anti-allergic compounds (5). Indeed, previous reports (J.B. and coworkers, refs. 6 and 7) showed that whereas both endorphins and neuropeptides caused degranulation of PMCs in vitro, only substance P promoted histamine release from IMMCs (6, 7).These in vitro observations are in keeping with in vivo experiments that strongly suggest that mast cells and nerves may communicate directly, presumably through soluble mediators. Kiernan (8) and Lembeck and Holzer (9) suggested that mast cells may be involved in the axon reflex responsible...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal mucosal mast cells in normal and nematode-infected rat intestines are in intimate contact with peptidergic nerves.

Stead¹,

Tomioka²,

Quinonez³

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

485

255

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“…Though nerve processes have not been observed in contact with mucosal cells this could be a methodological problem. Certainly vesicular axons (probably of efferent neurones) extending to within 500 A of the base of the epithelial cell have been described (Stach, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of actively transported hexoses on afferent nerve discharge from rat small intestine.

Hardcastle¹,

Hardcastle²,

Sanford³

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The afferent discharge of mesenteric nerves has been recorded while perfusing salines of different composition through the lumen of rat ileum. The p.d. across the ileum and hexose absorption have also been measured.2. The ileal mesenteric nerves were sensitive to actively transported hexoses. The discharge recorded increased dramatically on perfusion with 10 or 50 mM-glucose, quietening within 3 min of returning to glucose-free saline. A similar response was obtained with galactose.3. No change in afferent discharge could be detected on perfusion of mannitol or the slowly transferred hexose, mannose. It is concluded that the response to glucose and galactose is not dependent on the stimulation of non-specific luminal osmoreceptors.4. Phlorhizin prevented glucose from increasing the afferent nerve discharge. Subsequent perfusion with saline removed the phlorhizin and an afferent nerve response to glucose was restored. It is concluded that this response requires glucose transfer beyond the phlorhizin-sensitive glucose entry mechanism at the luminal side of the mucosal epithelial cell.5. Very small amounts of glucose or galactose were absorbed under the conditions employed. The time course for the change in p.d. correlated well with that described for the alteration in afferent nerve discharge.6. Electron micrographs show that ileal nerves consist of bundles of small nonmyelinated fibres of approximately 1 gsm diameter.7. The significance of the findings is discussed remembering that carbohydrate absorption is considered to be completed normally in the jejunum.

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“…Conventional histological analyses have documented a variety of neural elements in the mucosa and submucosa (e.g., Berkley, 1893; Hill, 1927; Palay and Karlin, 1959; Stach, 1973; Keast, 1987), but these early observations were typically unable to distinguish fibers based on their source (e.g., vagal or dorsal root, intrinsic or extrinsic, efferent or afferent, etc. ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagal afferent innervation of the proximal gastrointestinal tract mucosa: Chemoreceptor and mechanoreceptor architecture

Powley

Spaulding

Haglof

2011

J of Comparative Neurology

127

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The vagus nerve supplies low-threshold chemo- and mechanosensitive afferents to the mucosa of the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The absence of a full characterization of the morphology and distributions of these projections has hampered comprehensive functional analyses. In the present experiment, dextran (10K) conjugated with tetramethylrhodamine and biotin was injected into the nodose ganglion and used to label the terminal arbors of individual vagal afferents of both rats and mice. Series of serial 100-µm thick sections of the initial segment of the duodenum as well as the pyloric antrum were collected and processed with diaminobenzidine for permanent tracer labeling. Examination of over 400 isolated afferent fibers, more than 200 from each species, indicated that three vagal afferent specializations, each distinct in morphology and in targets, innervate the mucosa of the proximal GI tract. One population of fibers, the villus afferents, supplies plates of varicose endings to the apical tips of intestinal villi, immediately subjacent to the epithelial wall. A second type of afferent, the crypt afferent, forms subepithelial rings of varicose processes encircling the intestinal glands or crypts, immediately below the cryptvillus junction. Statistical assessment of the isolated fibers indicated that the villus arbors and the crypt endings are independent, issued by different vagal afferents. A third vagal afferent specialization, the antral gland afferent, arborizes along the gastric antral glands and forms terminal concentrations immediately below the luminal epithelial wall. The terminal locations, morphological features, and regional distributions of these three specializations provide inferences about the sensitivities of the afferents.

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Über die Nervengeflechte der Duodenalzotten

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Intestinal mucosal mast cells in normal and nematode-infected rat intestines are in intimate contact with peptidergic nerves.

Intestinal mucosal mast cells in normal and nematode-infected rat intestines are in intimate contact with peptidergic nerves.

Effect of actively transported hexoses on afferent nerve discharge from rat small intestine.

Vagal afferent innervation of the proximal gastrointestinal tract mucosa: Chemoreceptor and mechanoreceptor architecture

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