Über die Stiche blutsaugender Ektoparasiten. Tatsachen, Probleme und Arbeitsprogramm

Predicting range expansion of an ectoparasite – the effect of spring and summer temperatures on deer kedLipoptena cervi(Diptera: Hippoboscidae) performance along a latitudinal gradient

“…For emerged adults, the temperature threshold for short‐term flying is suggested to be 5–6°C (Hase 1944), and we have observed them to tolerate even a few degrees of frost. The favourable flight period was estimated by counting days when T max during daytime was >5°C, starting from the day when the first adult emerged.…”

Studies on Mosquito Bites

“…These observations are supported by other experimental and practical experience. The literature contains several reports showing that after being exposed to a species of mosquitoes by which they have not been previously bitten, human beings at first react very strongly, later on in a lesser degree or not at all (Daivson mitiams (1896-97), Morse (1896-97), Nuttall & Shipley (1901-03), Hase (1916), Gordon (1922) and Pawlowsky (1927)), Similar observations have been reported in the case of Phlebotomus by Newstead , Doerr & Russ (1913) and Boycott (1928). The last-mentioned author finds immediate as well as delayed reactions in a person who has been previously exposed to bites by Phlebotomus, while 4 unexposed persons gave no reactions at first to the bites of this species of mosquito, but at the end of 12 days exhibit a typical response.…”