Über die verschiedenen Insulinshocktypen und ihre neuro-psychopathologische Bedeutung

Shock therapy: psychologic theory and research.

“…However, as Kalinowsky (71) has observed, "all the known varieties of symptomatic psychoses occurring in infectious and toxic diseases can be seen in a long course of electric shock treatments." These states are reversible and, as Glueck and Ackerman (50) point out, these acute psychotic episodes are not like actual psychoses in that they are (1) acute and unstable, and because (2) the emotional display is genuine and reflects depth, (3) the mental content is chaotic, (4) the patient makes more direct demands upon the environment with less recourse to veiled symbolic expression, (5) the patient reacts to frustration of demands more positively and energetically and with more direct expression of hostility, and (6) the patient exhibits primitive infantile but strong transference.…”

“…Piotrowski (110), using the Rorschach test, felt that, on the whole, the difference in pre-and post-treatment records paralleled the clinical improvement. This improvement was manifested on the Rorschach test by (1) improvement in speed and ease of answering, (2) better logical content of responses and less mixing of description and interpretation, (3) an increase in the number and quality of movement responses, (4) an increase in the number and percentage of form-color concepts, (5) an increase in percentage of sharply perceived forms, and (6) good percepts and integrating capacity. Signs of predictive value for good prognosis were devised (112) and described as (1) variety, indicating no concepts used more than twice, (2) generic term, referring to patient's attention to logical hierarchy, (3) evidence, or self-critical evaluation of responses for "adequacy of fit," (4) color response, or at least one color interpretation except simple color-naming, (5) indirect color, or evidence of attention to color-areas, and (6) demurring, or holding back one or more responses.…”