Über hohe Solaningehalte bei Kartoffeln

Bömer, A.; Mattis, H.

doi:10.1007/bf02036792

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While early reports of potato poisoning (Muncke, , as cited by Bömer and Matthis, 1924; Morris, , as cited by Van Gelder, ) refer to severe or fatal cases associated with the consumption of green, unripe or ‘new’ tubers, some studies in the years 1923 and 1924 addressed health impairments related to the intake of potato tubers of normal appearance (Alfa and Heyl, ; Bömer and Mattis, , ; Griebel, ). Bömer and Mattis (, ) reported that, although measured ‘solanine’ contents in samples of the consumed potatoes were relatively high and ranged from 257 to 583 mg/kg (raw, unpeeled tubers), observed symptoms were not severe and included burning sensation in the mouth, irritation of mucous membranes, gastrointestinal disturbance and vomiting. Similar symptoms were reported by Griebel () and Alfa and Heyl () after intake of potatoes with ‘solanine’ levels ranging from 196 to 790 mg/kg (raw, unpeeled tubers) or 109 to 468 mg/kg (raw, peeled tubers), respectively.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato‐derived products

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids (GAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GAs, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GAs (α‐solanine and α‐chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the CONTAM Panel identified a lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect level of 1 mg total potato GAs/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long‐term intake of GAs via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for α‐solanine and α‐chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GAs was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. The MOEs for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys. For adult age groups, the MOEs indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GAs, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GAs could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GAs in these species.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato‐derived products

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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“…The occurrence of higher than normal amounts of glycoalkaloid solanine in potato tubers has been repeatedly found to be coincident with a high degree of unpalatable and allegedly toxic bitterness (1,2,3). T o date, little or no thought has been given to the possibility that the burning sensation and ill effects resulting from the consumption of bitter potatoes (2,4,5,6) might be accentuated, if not directly caused, by the presence of free alkaloid solanidine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Occurrence and Distribution of Free Alkaloid Solanidine in Netted Gem Potatoes

Zitnak¹

1961

Can. J. Biochem. Physiol.

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Free alkaloid solanidine was detected in concentrations up to 200 p.p.m. or 337, of the total glycoalkaloid level in bitter Netted Gem potatoes. Dormant tubers of this variety are readily induced to a rapid glycoalkaloid synthesis by exposure to intense solar radiation and near-freezing temperatures, conditions frequently encountered during the potato harvest in northern areas. Under such conditions solanidine is rapidly produced in excess of amounts that could be bound as solanine, the formation of which would likely be limited by the availability of the glycosidic sugar components. The glycosidic binding of the initially synthesized solanidine proceeds a t a very slow rate during the subsequent tuber rest period. Distribution studies revealed that the potato peels, representing about one seventh of the whole tuber weight, contained solanine and solanidine, respectively, a t concentrations 2.5 and 6.2 times higher than the remaining tuber tissue, or approximately 30% of the total glycoalkaloid amount.The occurrence of the free alkaloid solanidine a t certain times in potato tubers of the Netted Gem variety demands a serious reconsideration of any toxicity studies which have been based on the sole use of crystalline solanine, and which have disregarded the possible existence of the free alkaloid in tuber tissues.'Manuscript

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Are potatoes teratogenic for experimental animals?

Swinyard

Chaube

1973

Teratology

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This study was designed to test in experimental animals the hypothesis (Renwick, 1972) that human spina bifida and anencephalus are causally related to maternal consumption of blighted potatoes. Gavaging of pregnant rats with blighted potatoes on days 5–11 or daily ip injections of solanine or glycoalkaloids (5–10 mg/kg) extracted from B5141‐6 potatoes, given on days 5–12 or 7–17 of gestation, resuited in minor skeletal and renal tract abnormalities, but failed to produce neural‐tube defects. Daily injections (days 5–12) of 20 and 40 mg/kg of the glycoalkaloid caused 100% fetal and maternal mortality, respectively. Daily ip injections of 5 mg/kg of solanine into New Zealand White rabbits on days 0–8 of gestation produced abortion in one‐third of the treated animals, 23% resorptions, but no teratogenesis. Single yolk‐sac injections of 5–20 mg/kg of solanine into 20–22 h incubated white Leghorn eggs produced 63–90% mortality within 72 h without significant teratogenesis. Diced B5141‐6 potatoes containing an average of 260 mg of solanine per kg of tuber fed ad libitum to time‐mated rhesus monkeys for a period of 25 days postcopulation produced no maternal toxicity; on the other hand single injections of 40 mg/kg of the glycoalkaloid extract and two injections of 20 mg/kg of solanine killed adults within 48 h of treatment. At autopsy nasal, oral, and periorbital hemorrhage was present; there was accumulation of serosanguinous pleural and peritoneal fluids and mild hepatic and splenic congestion. Examples of human toxicity and mortality from consuming potatoes with a high solanine content are reviewed.

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Über hohe Solaningehalte bei Kartoffeln

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato‐derived products

Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato‐derived products

The Occurrence and Distribution of Free Alkaloid Solanidine in Netted Gem Potatoes

Are potatoes teratogenic for experimental animals?

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