Über perineuronale Mikrogliazellen (Autoradiographische Untersuchungen)

Kreutzberg, Georg W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-95078-0_19

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Blinzinger and Kreutzberg (1968) observed a high proliferation rate between days 3 and 6 after nerve injury which peaked on day4 (Blinzinger and Kreutzberg, 1968;Kreutzberg, 1968). Our results are in line with this course of mitotic activity.…”

Section: Microglial Reactionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The neurotrophic analogue of ACTH(4–9) reduces the perineuronal microglial reaction after rat facial nerve crush

Ulenkate¹,

Verhagen²,

Gispen

et al. 1993

Glia

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Following peripheral nerve crush, microglial cells proliferate and migrate to motoneuron cell bodies of the injured nerves. Newly formed glial processes displace nerve terminals from the cell bodies. This process is known as synaptic stripping. In animal models of peripheral nerve diseases, the ACTH(4-9) analogue, ORG2766, was shown to facilitate axonal regeneration and to protect against experimental neuropathy. In the present study we examined the effect of ORG2766 on the microglial reaction. After facial nerve crush, rats were treated with either ORG2766 (75 micrograms/kg/48 h) or saline and were killed on day 2-6 after operation. Blind counting of the number of perineuronal glial cells in the facial nucleus was used to assess the effect of ORG2766 treatment on the microglial reaction. In the saline-treated animals the number of perineuronal glial cells per motoneuron cell body on the crushed side increased significantly. This number increased up to day 5 after operation and decreased significantly from day 5 to 6. After an initial increase in the peptide-treated animals, however, the number of perineuronal glial cells remained constant from day 3 onwards. Hence, on post-operation days 4 and 5, this number was significantly less than that seen in saline-treated animals. Microglial cells proliferate, presumably through signalling by injured motoneurons. It is suggested that the decrease in the number of perineuronal glial cells in the ORG2766-treated animals is the result of a peptide-induced reduction in the release of mediating signals/cytokines or, alternatively, increased protection of motoneurons by stress proteins. Further research should address the mechanism of action of ORG2766 in animal models of motoneuron disease.

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Section: Microglial Reactionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The neurotrophic analogue of ACTH(4–9) reduces the perineuronal microglial reaction after rat facial nerve crush

Ulenkate¹,

Verhagen²,

Gispen

et al. 1993

Glia

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“…Local microglial cells proliferate at a very high rate 2-5 days after axotomy (Kreutzberg, 1966(Kreutzberg, , 1968. Thereafter mitotic activity decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…An increase in microglia has been shown to occur in the facial nucleus (Cammermeyer, 1965;Kreutzberg, 1966), the hypogtossal nucleus (Rapos and Bakos, 1959;Sjt~strand, 1965) and spinal cord ventral horn (Friede and Johnstone, 1967) after transection of the appropriate motor nerve. The light microscopical morphology of the reactive glia and their staining properties with silver impregnation techniques (Kreutzberg, 1968) show that they are microglial cells, although there is indication that hypertrophy of astrocytes and a mild degree of hyperplasia of these elements may also occur (Cammermeyer, 1955;Rapos and Bakos, 1959).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Histochemical studies in motor nuclei also demonstrated an increase of ATPase and nucleoside phosphatases during retrograde change Tuncbay, 1962, 1964;Sj~strand, 1966;Kreutzberg, 1967). The increased phosphatase activity seemed to be associated with the proliferating microglial cells though the resolution of the light microscopical techniques applied did not allow exact localization (Sj~strand,1966;Kreutzberg, 1967Kreutzberg, , 1968. This report describes the cytochemical demonstration of 5'-nucleotidase, the enzyme which produces adenosine, on the plasma membrane of the reactive satellite glial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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5?-Nucleotidase of microglial cells in the facial nucleus during axonal reaction

1978

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Transection of the facial nerve causes proliferation of microglial cells in the facial nucleus. The miroglial cells can be seen in perineuronal and perivascular positions. A high activity of 5'-nucleotidase is demonstrated cytochemically in the plasma membranes of these cells. The increase of enzymatic sites for the production of adenosine during axonal reaction might be of functional significance for the regenerating motor neuron.

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“…Changes in neuronal metabolism have been measured under these circumstances using quantitative techniques of cell biology (Watson, 1965(Watson, , 1966a(Watson, , 1968(Watson, , 1969. Concurrent changes in perineuronal glial cells have been observed histologically (Cammermeyer, 1955;Rapos & Bakos, 1959;Watson, 1965;Kreutzberg, 1966Kreutzberg, , 1967Sjbstrand, 1966;Friede & Johnstone, 1967;Roessmann & Friede, 1968;Adrian, 1969;Adrian & Smothermon, 1970), but are difficult to interpret because of the limited reproducibility of metal impregnation techniques, and because of the problems of classifying glial cells by nuclear morphology when basophilic stains are used, especially when the nuclei are partially obscured in autoradiographs. Neuroglial cells may be isolated from discrete parts of the brain (Sumner & Watson, 1972): this paper reports the application to such cells of quantitative cytochemical methods, and describes changes which occur in the hypoglossal nuclei of the rat after dividing a hypoglossal nerve, or after procedures designed to clarify some mechanisms of the glial cell response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some quantitative observations upon the responses of neuroglial cells which follow axotomy of adjacent neurones

Watson¹

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The dry mass and nucleic acid content of freshly isolated neuroglial cells and of their nucleoli were measured by interference microscopy and ultraviolet absorption microspectrography. The incorporation of tritiated nucleosides and of an amino acid was followed autoradiographically.2. After hypoglossal axotomy in the adult rat hypertrophy of astrocytes of the hypoglossal nucleus occurred in a biphasic manner. The first phase lasted from days 1-10 and was accompanied by a small degree of astrocytic hyperplasia, and the second from days 20-80. Hypertrophy of oligodendrocytes accompanied the second phase of the astrocytic response.3. When severed axons failed to reinnervate denervated muscle, the second phase of the astrocytic response was markedly reduced and the hypertrophy of oligodendrocytes did not occur.4. If the severed axons re-innervated denervated muscle after a controlled delay, the second phase of the astrocytic response and the oligodendroglial hypertrophy was also delayed.5. Injection of botulinum toxin into the tongue caused changes in astrocytes and oligondendrocytes closely resembling those found after axotomy.6. Transient astrocytic hypertrophy occurred in the uninjured right hypoglossal nucleus, and had a different time course to the changes occurring on the injured side.7. The results are discussed in relation to changes in the metabolism and to alterations in the dendritic fields of injured neurones, previously measured in these circumstances.14-2

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Über perineuronale Mikrogliazellen (Autoradiographische Untersuchungen)

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

The neurotrophic analogue of ACTH(4–9) reduces the perineuronal microglial reaction after rat facial nerve crush

The neurotrophic analogue of ACTH(4–9) reduces the perineuronal microglial reaction after rat facial nerve crush

5?-Nucleotidase of microglial cells in the facial nucleus during axonal reaction

Some quantitative observations upon the responses of neuroglial cells which follow axotomy of adjacent neurones

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