Ubiquitous expression of acetylcholine and its biological functions in life forms without nervous systems

Kawashima, Koichiro; Misawa, Hidemi; Moriwaki, Yuji; Fujii, Yoshihito X.; Fujii, Takeshi; Horiuchi, Yoko; Yamada, Tomoya; Imanaka, Tadayuki; Kamekura, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.059

Cited by 93 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Increasingly, a wider role for ACh in various aspects of nonneuronal cell biology is being recognized, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and motility (reviewed in [53,54]). ACh is produced practically by all types of human cells, and is remarkably abundant in surface epithelia [55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of growth-promoting and tumor-protecting effects of epithelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Chernyavsky

Shchepotin

Grando

2015

International Immunopharmacology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of growth-promoting and tumor-protecting effects of epithelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Chernyavsky

Shchepotin

Grando

2015

International Immunopharmacology

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“…Acetylcholine has been identiWed in a number of nonneuronal tissues in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria (Wessler et al 2001;Horiuchi et al 2003;Kawashima et al 2007). Both ACh and ACh-hydrolyzing activity have been widely recognized in plants ( Momonoki and Momonoki 1991;Roshchina 2001;Wimniewska and Tretyn 2003;Horiuchi et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both ACh and ACh-hydrolyzing activity have been widely recognized in plants ( Momonoki and Momonoki 1991;Roshchina 2001;Wimniewska and Tretyn 2003;Horiuchi et al 2003). Moreover, the choline acetyltransferase activity that takes part during synthesis of ACh has been conWrmed in tissues of many plant species (Tretyn and Kendrick 1990;Kawashima et al 2007). To date, no AChR proteins have been identiWed in plant cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of trimeric acetylcholinesterase from a legume plant, Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb.

Yamamoto

Oguri

Momonoki

2007

Planta

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We recently identified plant acetylcholinesterases (E.C.3.1.1.7; AChEs) homologous to the AChE purified from a monocotyledon, maize, that are distinct from the animal AChE family. In this study, we purified, cloned and characterized an AChE from a dicotyledon, siratro. The full-length cDNA of siratro AChE is 1,441 nucleotides, encoding a 382-residue protein that includes a signal peptide. This AChE is a disulfide-linked 125-kDa homotrimer consisting of 41-42 kDa subunits, in contrast to the maize AChE, which exists as a mixture of disulfide and non-covalently linked 88-kDa homodimers. The plant AChEs apparently consist of various quaternary structures, depending on the plant species, similar to the animal AChEs. We compared the enzymatic properties of the dimeric maize and trimeric siratro AChEs. Similar to electric eel AChE, both plant AChEs hydrolyzed acetylthiocholine (or acetylcholine) and propionylthiocholine (or propionylcholine), but not butyrylthiocholine (or butyrylcholine), and their specificity constant was highest against acetylcholine. There was no significant difference between the enzymatic properties of trimeric and dimeric AChEs, although two plant AChEs had low substrate turnover numbers compared with electric eel AChE. The two plant AChE activities were not inhibited by excess substrate concentrations. Thus, similar to some plant AChEs, siratro and maize AChEs showed enzymatic properties of both animal AChE and animal BChE. On the other hand, both siratro and maize AChEs exhibited low sensitivity to the AChE-specific inhibitor neostigmine bromide, dissimilar to other plant AChEs. These differences in enzymatic properties of plant AChEs may reflect the phylogenetic evolution of AChEs.

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“…Hitherto, evidential data of the existence in plants were subsequently reported by many researchers. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] According to Kostir et al 20 and Tung and Raghavan, 21 exogenous ACh influences germination and development at an early growth stage of plants. Bamel et al 22 described that exogenous ACh promotes adventitious root formation in leaf explants from in vitro raised tomato seedlings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholine promotes the emergence and elongation of lateral roots ofRaphanus sativus

Sugiyama

Tezuka

2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was grown on four layers of paper towel moistened with distilled water with and without acetylcholine (ach) for five days in the dark after sowing. ach at 1 nM promoted the growth (emergence and elongation) of lateral roots of radish plants, but had no effect on the stems and main roots. Moreover, ach enhanced the dry weight of roots [main (primary) + lateral roots]. Neostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (ache) also promoted the emergence and elongation of lateral roots, and atropine, a competitive inhibitor of ach receptor, suppressed the emergence and elongation. ach promoted the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosephate dehydrogenase (G-3-PD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (NaD-IcDh), succinate dehydrogenase (SDh) and cytochrome-c oxidase (cyt-c OD) in seedlings. Moreover, ach suppressed the activity of ache and increased the amount of proteins and pyridine nucleotides (NaD and NaDh) in the roots of the seedlings. It also increased the activities of NaDforming enzymes [NaD synthetase and aTP-nicotinamide mononucleotide (aTP-NMN) adenyltransferase], and enhanced the amount of DNa in the roots of the seedlings. The relationship between ach and the emergence and growth of lateral roots was discussed from a biochemical viewpoint.

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Ubiquitous expression of acetylcholine and its biological functions in life forms without nervous systems

Cited by 93 publications

References 20 publications

Mechanisms of growth-promoting and tumor-protecting effects of epithelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Mechanisms of growth-promoting and tumor-protecting effects of epithelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Characterization of trimeric acetylcholinesterase from a legume plant, Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb.

Acetylcholine promotes the emergence and elongation of lateral roots ofRaphanus sativus

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