SUMMARYFuture broadband satellite networks will support a variety of service types. Many such systems are being design with ATM or ATM-like technology. A majority of Internet applications use TCP for data transfer. As a result, these systems must e$ciently transport TCP tra$c and provide service guarantees to such tra$c. Several mechanisms have been presented in recent literature to improve TCP performance. Most of these can be categorized as either TCP enhancements or network-based bu!er management techniques. Providing minimum rate guarantees to TCP tra$c has also been suggested as a way to improve its performance in the presence of higher priority tra$c sharing the link. However, the relative performance of the TCP enhancements versus the bu!er management schemes has not been analyzed for long latency networks. In this paper, we address three issues. First, we present a performance analysis of TCP over satellite-ATM links using a best e!ort service*the ATM unspeci"ed bit rate (UBR) service. This analysis shows that the relative impacts of bu!er management, TCP policies and rate guarantees on TCP performance, depend heavily on the latency of the network. Second, we show through simulations that the bu!er size required in the network for high TCP performance is proportional to the delay-bandwidth product of the network. Third, we propose a bu!er management scheme called di!erential fair bu!er allocation (DFBA) and show how it is used to implement a service that provides minimum rate guarantees to TCP tra$c. An example of such a service is the ATM guaranteed frame rate (GFR) service, which is being standardized by the ATM Forum and the ITU.