As the main carrier of information transmission, plane images play an important role in the current network era. In order to enhance the color of the plane image, optimize the image effect, and solve the problem of image distortion with large color difference, a color enhancement processing optimization method is proposed based on the technical support of computer vision. According to computer vision theory, a computer vision model for adjusting perceived color and brightness is constructed. Combining it with the bilateral filtering algorithm, a color enhancement processing optimization model is obtained, which consists of three main stages: illumination information parameter estimation and image color correction, reflection coefficient parameter estimation and image color correction, and adaptive filtering. By estimating illumination information parameters and reflection coefficient parameters, the secondary gamma correction of image color is realized. After being processed by the bilateral filtering algorithm, the final optimized image is obtained. Verified by the subjective and objective evaluation results, the positive correlation index values of this method are all high, 8.0246, 16.4526, 0.9037, and 15.0246, respectively, and the negative correlation index value is low, 49.4169. It is proved that the proposed method can effectively suppress the halo and artifacts and obtain the image color quality that satisfies the visual perception. It not only enhances the image color but also retains the details to the greatest extent.