UDP-Gal: N-acetylglucosamine β 1–4 galactosyltransferase expressing live attenuated parasites as vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis

Bhaumik, Siddhartha Kumar; Singh, Manoj Kumar; Karmakar, Shilpi; De, Tanmay

doi:10.1007/s10719-008-9212-y

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Considering poor immunogenicity of killed or subunit vaccines, live whole-cell Leishmania seems to be a promising alternative against human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Several live-attenuated Leishmania strains have previously been developed using chemical mutagenesis, gamma irradiation and long-term culture; these methods were safe but failed to induce sufficient protection, probably due to the loss of pathogen-associated molecular patterns during attenuation [1][2][3]. Other than using live nonpathogenic L. tarantolae [4], no report exists for live vaccination against VL.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vaccine prospects of killed but metabolically activeLeishmaniaagainst visceral leishmaniasis

Das

Ali²

2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Leishmanization or live vaccination, the gold standard for immunoprophylactic success against cutaneous leishmaniasis, has been abandoned for safety reasons. Killed but metabolically active (KBMA) Leishmania, a new class of whole-cell vaccine, holds promise for safe vaccination. Amotosalen (S-59)-treated and UVA-irradiated Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum chagasi (KBMA-Lic) were rendered replication-incompetent and incapable of causing disease; this was demonstrated convincingly by sensitive techniques. However, the immune response and the level of protection elicited by vaccination with both live Lic and KBMA-Lic in BALB/c mice are less than optimal and warrant further studies to establish their potentiality as an effective vaccine strategy against visceral leishmaniasis.

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confidence: 99%

Vaccine prospects of killed but metabolically activeLeishmaniaagainst visceral leishmaniasis

Das

Ali²

2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

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“…Particularly, older approaches such as maintaining the parasites in culture for long periods of time and exposure to chemical and physical attenuation did not ensure its safety. Random mutations and the return to a virulent state were often observed [90][91][92]. Fortunately, the use of attenuated strains gained a new momentum thanks to the progress made in genetic manipulation techniques.…”

Section: Strategies To Vaccine Design: Where Are Goodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Development for Human Leishmaniasis

Clímaco

Kraemer

Fujiwara

2023

Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges

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The development of vaccines for human leishmaniasis is one of the most important approaches for effectively controlling and/or eradicating the several forms of the disease. Based on the knowledge obtained from the practice of leishmanization and its protective immune response, several strategies have been used to develop vaccines against Leishmania species, such as the use of whole killed and attenuated parasites, recombinant proteins, and DNA vaccines. An ideal vaccine should be safe, effective, and immunogenic. Although several candidates have achieved safety and some level of effectiveness, the current challenge in the development of prophylactic vaccines is to achieve long-lasting immune protection by generating a robust and irreversible Th1 adaptive immune response in the host, with rapid recruitment of memory and effectors T cells at key acute points of infection. However, despite all efforts over the years, due to the antigenic diversity of the parasite and the complexity of the host’s immune response, human vaccine trials have been disappointing in mediating long-term immunity against sandfly-delivered infection. Therefore, more investments in this field should be carried out to translate preclinical findings from mice to humans through effective vaccine development strategies.

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“…A vaccine against CL caused by L. major may not necessarily have effectivity against the New World forms of diseases, including MCL and DCL [29]. Nonetheless, various vaccination strategies, such as recombinant antigens, DNA vaccines, salivary gland proteins, killed parasites, and live attenuated parasites exist to treat leishmaniasis [30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Vaccination Strategies In Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania Vaccines: the Current Situation with Its Promising Aspect for the Future

Dinc¹

2022

Korean J Parasitol

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Leishmaniasis is a serious parasitic disease caused by Leishmania spp. transmitted through sandfly bites. This disease is a major public health concern worldwide. It can occur in 3 different clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral Leishmaniasis (CL, MCL, and VL, respectively), caused by different Leishmania spp. Currently, licensed vaccines are unavailable for the treatment of human Leishmaniasis. The treatment and prevention of this disease rely mainly on chemotherapeutics, which are highly toxic and have an increasing resistance problem. The development of a safe, effective, and affordable vaccine for all forms of vector-borne disease is urgently needed to block transmission of the parasite between the host and vector. Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis are complex. IL-12-driven Th1-type immune response plays a crucial role in host protection. The essential purpose of vaccination is to establish a protective immune response. To date, numerous vaccine studies have been conducted using live/attenuated/killed parasites, fractionated parasites, subunits, recombinant or DNA technology, delivery systems, and chimeric peptides. Most of these studies were limited to animals. In addition, standardization has not been achieved in these studies due to the differences in the virulence dynamics of the Leishmania spp. and the feasibility of the adjuvants. More studies are needed to develop a safe and effective vaccine, which is the most promising approach against Leishmania infection.

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UDP-Gal: N-acetylglucosamine β 1–4 galactosyltransferase expressing live attenuated parasites as vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Vaccine prospects of killed but metabolically activeLeishmaniaagainst visceral leishmaniasis

Vaccine prospects of killed but metabolically activeLeishmaniaagainst visceral leishmaniasis

Vaccine Development for Human Leishmaniasis

Leishmania Vaccines: the Current Situation with Its Promising Aspect for the Future

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