UDP galactose: Ceramide galactosyltransferase, CDP choline:1, 2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerol phosphocholine transferase, and microsomal reductases in major regions of the developing rat brain in nutritional stress

Abstract

The influence of nutritional inadequacy during the active growth phase of the developing brain, coinciding with myelinogenesis, was examined in rat pups. Developmental profiles of enzyme activities involved in biosynthesis of myelin membrane lipids, and those of associated pathways which generate precursor compounds for such biosynthetic reactions, were followed as functions of age in major anatomical regions of the brain. It was observed that while galactosyltransferase and choline phosphotransferase activities were significantly diminished, the microsomal cytochrome reductases, which contribute to the process of fatty acid elongation and desaturation, were also lowered. An attempt at adaptative increase of enzyme activity, in response to the stress, was apparent in the case of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which could possibly explain, in part, the lower susceptibility of phospholipid biosynthesis to impairments induced by nutritional insufficiency.

Citicoline in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment

“…Additional specific functions of the neuronal membrane include nerve impulse conduction and neurotransmission [5]. In the Central Nervous System (CNS) there are various conditions involving phospholipids that can lead to an impairment of functions [6], such as brain maturation [7][8][9][10], neurite growth and neuronal regeneration [11]. Impaired phospholipid metabolism has been implicated in the development of traumatic brain injury (TBI) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and cerebral ischemia [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Hippocampal Responses to Corticosterone and Stress, One of which is the 35,000 Mr Protein, Glycerol Phosphate Dehydrogenase

“…GPDH activity increased 6-fold in yeast during the development of osmotolerance (34). GPDH activity also increased following nerve injury in adult rats (35), as well as in developing rat brain after chronic 50% dietary restriction (36). Collectively, these data indicate a possible metabolic role for the enzyme in response to various kinds of stressors, since GPDH reversibly catalyzes dihydroxyacetone phosphate, NADH, and H + to glycerol-3-phosphate and NAD ".…”

“…proteins encoded by the mRNAs. Increases in GPDH mRNA, protein synthesis or enzyme activity occurred in response to a wide variety of stressors and were CORT-dependent for at least some of the stressors (1, 5,29,[34][35][36]. A different hippocampal shock-induced polypeptide of 35,000 M, is found in the microsomal fraction that is not immunoprecipitated by the GPDH antibody; its induction occurs in response to exposure to an inescapable stressor that inhibits long-term potentiation in the same experimental paradigm (12).…”