Ueber den respiratorischen Stoffwechsel des Hühnerembryos<sup>1</sup>

Hasselbalch, K. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1900.tb00299.x

Cited by 31 publications

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“…it uses no oxygen and does not produce carbon dioxide. (The shells of bird eggs initially produce a little carbon dioxide [99,376].) In many species, this is a resting stage.…”

Section: Embryomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Kooijman

2000

800

1,202

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second editionDynamic Energy Budget theory unifies the commonalities between organisms as prescribed by the implications of energetics, which link different levels of biological organization (cells, organisms and populations). The theory presents simple mechanistic rules that describe the uptake and use of energy and nutrients and the consequences for physiological organization throughout an organism's life cycle, including the relationships between energetics and aging and the effects of toxicants. In this new edition, the theory is broadened to encompass the fluxes of both energy and mass. All living organisms are now covered in a single quantitative framework, the predictions of which are tested against a wide variety of experimental results at the various levels of biological organization. The theory explains many general observations, such as the body size scaling relationships of certain physiological traits, and provides a theoretical basis for the widely used method of indirect calorimetry. In each case, the theory is developed in elementary mathematical terms, but a more detailed discussion of the methodological aspects of mathematical modelling is also included, making the book suitable for biologists and mathematicians with a broad interest in both fundamental and applied quantitative problems in biology.Bas Kooijman is Professor of Applied Theoretical Biology at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam and is also head of the University's Department of Theoretical Biology. His research focuses on mathematical biology, in particular ecotoxicology which provided the framework for the original version of his Dynamic Energy Budget theory published in 1993 (Dynamic Energy Budgets in Biological Systems -Theory and Applications in Ecotoxicology). From the first edition:"This book is an excellent scientific product that informs and forces contemplation of issues relating to population and community ecology. The author has made a complex subject coherent." Thomas G. Hallam, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology "... a very useful and general tool to select more ecologically sound process equations and parameters in ecological models." Sven Erik Jørgensen, Ecological Modelling "The author has made a significant contribution to the problem of modelling the dynamics of biological populations at the level of the individual by synthesizing this very complicated subject into a relatively short list of general assumptions and putting the energetics of sub-models for vital rates on a solid basis." Jim Cushing, Mathematical Biosciences "The family of idealized models offered in this book is capable of playing a role analogous to that of Lotka-Volterra models in population dynamics ... I am confident that any model(s) capable of occupying this niche will be strongly influenced by the ideas in this book." Roger Nisbet, Ecology 9 LIVING TOGETHER Interaction between organisms: The spectrum from competition to preypredator systems. Evaluation of the consequences of the DEB model for population dynamics, food chains, and communities....

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“…it uses no oxygen and does not produce carbon dioxide. (The shells of bird eggs initially produce a little carbon dioxide [99,376].) In many species, this is a resting stage.…”

Section: Embryomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Kooijman

2000

800

1,202

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“…Die Abweichung von der üblichen Körpergrößen-Energieumsatz-Beziehung ist schon früh an Vogelembryonen beschrieben und damit erklärt worden, dass, wenn deren Energieumsatz im Ei dem Wert entsprechen würde, der aufgrund ihrer geringen Körpergröße zu erwarten wäre, die Diffusionskapazität der Eischale nicht dazu ausreichen würde, den hohen O 2 -Bedarf zu decken [36,37]. Im Gegensatz zu Vogelembryonen sind Stoffwechselmessungen an Säugetierfeten methodisch schwierig und entsprechend selten [38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Fetaler Stoffwechsel -Ein "Winterschlaf" In Uterounclassified

Den Mangel überleben: Natürliche Anpassungen bei Neugeborenen

Singer¹

2020

Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol

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ZusammenfassungNeugeborene sind mit einer Reihe natürlicher Anpassungsmechanismen ausgestattet, die sie trotz ihres (körpergrößenabhängig) hohen Energiebedarfs vor Mangelversorgung schützen. Hierzu gehört der aus einer bradykarden Kreislaufzentralisation mit begleitender Apnoe bestehende, von wasserlebenden Säugetieren bekannte Tauchreflex, der einen sparsamen Umgang mit den O2-Reserven gewährleistet und sich in einer nachlaufenden Laktateinschwemmung aus der Körperperipherie äußert. Metabolisch verhalten sich Säugetierfeten „wie ein Organ der Mutter“ und zeigen damit eine Winterschlaf-artige Abweichung von der üblichen Körpergröße-Energieumsatz-Beziehung, durch die sie an das limitierte intrauterine O2-/Substratangebot angepasst sind. Im Falle einer Mangelversorgung können sie ihren Energiebedarf weiter drosseln, indem sie auf Wachstum verzichten, wobei der Plazenta eine Gatekeeper-Funktion zukommt. Ein postnataler O2-Mangel hat nicht nur eine Suppression der zitterfreien Thermogenese, sondern auch einen hypoxischen Hypometabolismus zur Folge, wie er sonst nur von poikilothermen Tierarten bekannt ist. Nach prolongierter Apnoe setzen Schnappatemzüge ein, die durch kurze pO2-Anstiege eine rudimentäre Herzaktion aufrechterhalten (Selbstwiederbelebung). Insgesamt verzögern diese Mechanismen ein kritisches O2-Defizit und bedingen so eher eine „Resistenz“ als eine „Toleranz“ gegenüber einer Hypoxie. Da sie auf einer (aktiven) Drosselung des Energiebedarfs beruhen, sind sie nicht leicht von dem (passiven) Zusammenbruch des Stoffwechsels aufgrund einer Hypoxie zu unterscheiden.

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“…Dieser Zusammenhang, der zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts zeitgleich von Bohr [99] für Säugetiere und von Hasselbalch [100] für Vögel beschrieben und seither verschiedentlich bestätigt [101,102] wurde, wird als Anpassung an die kritischen Versorgungsverhältnisse während der embryofetalen Entwicklungsphase betrachtet: Wäre der Energieumsatz nämlich so hoch, wie er aufgrund der geringen Körpergröûe zu erwarten wäre, so könnte er vermutlich über die Plazenta bzw. durch die Eischale nicht gedeckt werden [103,104].…”

Section: Intraspezifische Körpergröûenabhängigkeit Des Energieumsatzesunclassified

Phylogenese des Stoffwechsels der Säugetiere

2002

Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzthe

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Mammals are at the end of a gradual metabolic evolution in the course of which the step from anaerobic to aerobic cellular metabolism and the transition from water to land life formed the basis for an increase in metabolic rate (from brady- to tachymetabolism). The increased metabolic rate and the resulting endogenous heat production were the preconditions for enhanced long-term performance as well as for homeothermy which allowed mammals and birds to invade temperate zones. However, the underlying increase in membrane permeability also results in an increased energy demand (for membrane pump activity) which leads to the reduced hypoxia tolerance of mammals and requires a permanent substrate supply. As an adaptation to a seasonal discrepancy between increased thermoregulatory energy demand and decreased food supply, some small mammals apparently extended the newly evolved non-REM-sleep into hibernation. Mammalian hibernation is characterized by a profound metabolic reduction which is influenced by acidosis and limited to a tolerable degree by maintained thermoregulation. The lower limit of cooling seems to be determined by a critical minimal metabolic rate which is common to all mammals. The higher the normothermic metabolic rate, the lower is the temperature at which this minimal metabolic rate is reached. Since specific (i. e., weight-corrected) basal metabolic rate increases with decreasing body mass, small mammals exhibit a higher hypothermia tolerance than larger ones. On the other hand, the metabolic decrease to a uniform minimal level reflects an inactivation of the overall metabolic size relationship and, thus, forms a counterpart to the metabolic increase from a lower fetomaternal to the higher size-related level, occurring after birth. The postnatal metabolic increase which favours the onset of thermoregulation, parallels the increase in oxygen tension at the transition from fetal to adult circulation and, thus, probably enables mammalian neonates to readjust their metabolic needs in response to hypoxia. There is increasing evidence that, similar to the step from anaerobiosis to aerobiosis, the increase in metabolic rate resulting from any increase in oxygen supply is a general principle of evolution that, apart from its further adaptive benefits, protects tissues from oxygen excess and subsequent oxidative stress.

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Ueber den respiratorischen Stoffwechsel des Hühnerembryos¹

Abstract: In einer friiheren, a m dem hiesigen Laboratorium erschienenen

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Den Mangel überleben: Natürliche Anpassungen bei Neugeborenen

Phylogenese des Stoffwechsels der Säugetiere

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Ueber den respiratorischen Stoffwechsel des Hühnerembryos1

Abstract: In einer friiheren, a m dem hiesigen Laboratorium erschienenen

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Den Mangel überleben: Natürliche Anpassungen bei Neugeborenen

Phylogenese des Stoffwechsels der Säugetiere

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About

Ueber den respiratorischen Stoffwechsel des Hühnerembryos¹