Ueber Elektricitätszerstreuung in der Luft

Elster, Julius; Geitel, H.

doi:10.1002/andp.19003070702

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In a key experiment in 1899, they isolated the electroscope by putting it in a thick metal box. Also in these conditions they found a decrease in radioactivity, thus concluding [8] that the discharge was largely due to ionizing agents from outside the container. They also found that such ionizing agents were highly penetrating.…”

Section: The Puzzle Of Atmospheric Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Atmospheric ionization and cosmic rays: studies and measurements before 1912

Angelis¹

2014

Astroparticle Physics

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The discovery of cosmic rays, a milestone in science, was based on the work by scientists in Europe and the New World and took place during a period characterised by nationalism and lack of communication. Many scientists that took part in this research a century ago were intrigued by the penetrating radiation and tried to understand the origin of it. Several important contributions to the discovery of the origin of cosmic rays have been forgotten; historical, political and personal facts might have contributed to their substantial disappearance from the history of science.

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Section: The Puzzle Of Atmospheric Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Atmospheric ionization and cosmic rays: studies and measurements before 1912

Angelis¹

2014

Astroparticle Physics

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“…It was during this period that many of the terms used to characterise ions in air were defined, for instance, the concept of mobility (the speed of an ion at terminal velocity in a unit electric field) (Aplin 2000). In parallel with the Cavendish laboratory studies, in Europe, Ebert, Gerdien, Elster and Geitel developed instrumentation to measure atmospheric ions in situ (Elster and Geitel 1900;Ebert 1901;Gerdien 1905a). Gerdien's instrumentation permitted the air conductivity to be measured on balloon ascents, providing further data on ion properties (Table 1).…”

Section: Historical Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating Earth’s Atmospheric Electricity: a Role Model for Planetary Studies

2008

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The historical development of terrestrial atmospheric electricity is described, from its beginnings with the first observations of the potential gradient to the global electric circuit model proposed by C.T.R. Wilson in the early 20th century. The properties of the terrestrial global circuit are summarised. Concepts originally needed to develop the idea of a global circuit are identified as "central tenets", for example, the importance of radio science in establishing the conducting upper layer. The central tenets are distinguished from additional findings that merely corroborate, or are explained by, the global circuit model. Using this analysis it is possible to specify which observations are preferable for detecting global circuits in extraterrestrial atmospheres. Schumann resonances, the extremely low frequency signals generated by excitation of the surface-ionosphere cavity by electrical discharges, are identified as the most useful single measurement of electrical activity in a planetary atmosphere.

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“…In one of these papers (Elster and Geitel, 1899a) they hypothesized for the very first time that radioactivity may be a consequence of decaying atoms. Their work on radioactivity, however, is not the topic of this article (see Fricke, 1992 for details).…”

Section: Scientific Research and Achievementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Julius Elster and Hans Geitel – Dioscuri of physics and pioneer investigators in atmospheric electricity

Fricke¹,

Schlegel²

2017

Hist. Geo Space. Sci.

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Abstract. Julius Elster and Hans Geitel contributed to the physics at the turn of the 19-20th century in many ways. We first summarize the life of these exceptional scientists. Then -owing to the topic of this journalwe focus on their atmospheric electricity research. With their experiments, careful evaluations and ingenious interpretation, Elster and Geitel made important contributions to precipitation electricity, the influence of solar radiation on the electric state of the atmosphere, the nature of charge carriers and the ionization of air by radioactivity. They proved their experimental skills by inventing new instruments with unprecedented accuracy and reliability. A very modern concept was their attitude to undertake long-term measurements at various locations. A section on their recognition in the physics community and their scientific distinctions concludes the paper.

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Ueber Elektricitätszerstreuung in der Luft

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Atmospheric ionization and cosmic rays: studies and measurements before 1912

Atmospheric ionization and cosmic rays: studies and measurements before 1912

Investigating Earth’s Atmospheric Electricity: a Role Model for Planetary Studies

Julius Elster and Hans Geitel – Dioscuri of physics and pioneer investigators in atmospheric electricity

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Ueber Elektricitätszerstreuung in der Luft

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Atmospheric ionization and cosmic rays: studies and measurements before 1912

Atmospheric ionization and cosmic rays: studies and measurements before 1912

Investigating Earth’s Atmospheric Electricity: a Role Model for Planetary Studies

Julius Elster and Hans Geitel &#8211; Dioscuri of physics and pioneer investigators in atmospheric electricity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Julius Elster and Hans Geitel – Dioscuri of physics and pioneer investigators in atmospheric electricity