UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of the cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins in in vitro transdermal experiments

Human skin permeation of emerging mycotoxins (beauvericin and enniatins)

“…More details about the development and validation of the applied bioanalytical method are given elsewhere. 41 In Vitro FDC Study Using Human Skin Seen the potential toxicity of the cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins BEA and ENNs, it is ethically unacceptable to use living human beings in the transdermal study. Therefore, the permeation of these mycotoxins through human skin was determined using a static FDC set-up with a receptor compartment of 5 ml and an available diffusion area of 0.64 cm 2 (Logan Instruments, NJ, USA).…”

“…As there was no data available about the solubility of these compounds 41 It is also acknowledged that the unavailability of isolated ENN compounds hinders a detailed physicochemical solubility study, as currently only a mixture of ENN compounds was available.…”

Blood-brain barrier transport kinetics of the cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins

“…For the latter, no formal ENN composition was supplied by the manufacturer, therefore the relative composition was experimentally determined by our group: 43.8% ENN B, 34.4% ENN B1, 14.0% ENN A1, 3.6% ENN D, 1.8% ENN A, 1.8% ENN E and 0.4% ENN C/F (Taevernier et al, 2014). Ultrapure water (H2O) with a quality of 18.2 MΩ.cm was produced by an Arium 611 purification system (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany).…”

“…Beside these test samples, control solutions were also prepared and analysed at t = 60 min: 'placebo' solutions (without peptide) to exclude matrix inferences, 'stability' solutions (peptide without serum/brain homogenate) to correct for chemical degradation and adsorption and 'inactivated enzyme' solutions (heat inactivation prior to peptide addition) to determine if the enzyme inactivation process is able to completely inactivate the enzyme. We previously reported that these peptides are prone to adsorption (Taevernier et al, 2014), therefore during the metabolic stability study the necessary precautions were taken to minimise this adsorption phenomena (i.e. prior stock solutions were prepared immediately before use and containing at least 50% ACN).…”

“…Lastly, BEA has a precursor ion at m/z 783.94, with m/z 244.01 (24 V) and m/z 623.23 (23 V) as its product ions (quantifier and qualifier, respectively). Data were acquired using Masslynx software (V4.1 SCN 843, Waters, Milford, MA, USA)(Taevernier et al, 2014).…”