UiO-66-NHC(S)NHMe/Three-Dimensional Macroporous Carbon for Removal and Electrochemical Detection of Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺

Abstract

The metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH2 was synthesized and attached to kenaf stem-derived three-dimensional macroporous carbon (3D-KSC) simultaneously, and then, the isothiocyanate functional group was introduced into UiO-66-NH2 MOFs to prepare UiO-66-NHC­(S)­NHMe/3D-KSC nanocomposites. The amount of UiO-66-NHC­(S)­NHMe MOFs on 3D-KSC can be controlled easily by the monomer concentration. There were three adsorption sites (two nitrogen atoms and one sulfur atom) on each structural unit of UiO-66-NHC­(S)­NHMe for adsorption toward heavy metal ions (HMIs) and well-regulated pores and 3D macropores of 3D-KSC to promote the transfer of HMIs. Therefore, UiO-66-NHC­(S)­NHMe/3D-KSC nanocomposites can be applied for the removal and electrochemical detection of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+. The detection limits of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ were 0.0125, 0.0124, 0.0111, and 0.0094 μM, respectively. The sensitivities were 879.1, 887.6, 992.5, and 1160.7 μA μM–1 cm–2, respectively. UiO-66-NHC­(S)­NHMe/3D-KSC showed fine reproducibility and stability as well as strong anti-interference ability. In addition, the HMIs can be removed effectively by UiO-66-NHC­(S)­NHMe/3D-KSC with the maximum adsorption capacity of 88, 391, 223, and 935 mg·g–1 for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, respectively. The results show that UiO-66-NHC­(S)­NHMe/3D-KSC has great potential for the adsorption and detection of HMIs.

Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen Self-Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Cicada Shell via KOH Activation for Simultaneous Detection and Removal of Cu2+

“…After the adsorption, the mixture was filtered through a syringe filter, and the Cu 2+ concentration was determined by ASS, which was then used for isotherm and kinetics model analyses. The adsorbed amount (q, mg•g −1 ) and metal removal efficiency (R, %) of Cu 2+ were subsequently calculated according to Equations ( 5) and (6), respectively [45,46].…”

“…Therefore, sensitive detection and effective separation strategies for Cu 2+ in wastewater are urgently needed. Currently, some materials, such as COF, SnS-Bi 2 O 3 and UiO-66-decorated three-dimensional microporous carbon [4][5][6], have been reported for the simultaneous detection and adsorption of HMIs. These materials display high sensitivity and effective removal for HMIs, but their synthesis methods are slightly complicated.…”

3D Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Biosensors

“…In recent years, as a member of the carbon family, BC, especially 3D-BC structures, has received increasing attention from researchers. Compared to other carbon-based electrode modification materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, BC is designed and obtained from natural biomaterials, which reduces the cost of sensor preparation and creates great economic [27,28,[37][38][39][40][41][42] The performance improvement diagrams of BC-based materials in b) DA, [16,24,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49] c) Pt 2+ , [38,41,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56] and d) H 2 O 2 [23][24][25]28,[57][58][59][60][61] in recent years. e) Comparison of the sensing performance of BC-based modified materials for DA, Pt 2+ , and AP.…”

Superstable Mineralization of Heavy Metals Using Low-Cost Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets: Toward Water Remediation and Soil Fertility Enhancement

“…Over the past few decades, various technologies have been explored for removing metal ions from wastewater, including chemical precipitation, biological treatment, redox, − photocatalysis, − membrane technologies, − and others. − However, these methods have drawbacks, including high cost, low efficiency, secondary pollution, or the production of useless solid waste streams. , Researchers are now solving these problems by pursuing low-cost and recyclable absorbent materials for the efficient capture of heavy metal ions. Despite intensive effort, the bonding interaction(s) between absorbent materials and heavy metal ions are frequently not stable and often result in the uncontrollable release of captured metals into the environment, which results in secondary pollution.…”