UK concentrations of chromium and chromium (VI), measured as water soluble chromium, in PM10

Brown, Richard; Aswegen, Sivan Van; Webb, William; Goddard, Sharon L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.008

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, Pb and Zn are coemitted with SO 4 2− precursors from municipal solid waste incinerators [ 89 ] located 80 km northeast of the sampling site [ 65 ]. Other sources coemitting elements along with SO 4 2− precursors include: emissions from gasoline vehicles (e.g., Br, EC1, and OC2) [ 90 , 91 ]; Cr electroplater and anodizer facilities (e.g., Cr) [ 65 , 92 ]; and sugarcane preharvest burning (e.g., K, EC1, Zn, and Br) [ 27 , 56 , 93 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States

et al. 2020

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This study focuses on the long-term aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements from colocated monitoring sites in Southern Florida between 2013 and 2018. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified six potential emission sources impacting the study area. The PMF model solution yielded the following source concentration profiles: (i) combustion; (ii) fresh sea salt; (iii) aged sea salt; (iv) secondary sulfate; (v) shipping emissions; and (vi) dust. Based on these results, concentration-weighted trajectory maps were developed to identify sources contributing to the PMF factors. Monthly mean precipitation pH values ranged from 4.98 to 5.58, being positively related to crustal species and negatively related to SO42−. Sea salt dominated wet deposition volume-weighted concentrations year-round without much variability in its mass fraction in contrast to stronger seasonal changes in PM2.5 composition where fresh sea salt was far less influential. The highest mean annual deposition fluxes were attributed to Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, and Na+ between April and October. Nitrate is strongly correlated with dust constituents (unlike sea salt) in precipitation samples, indicative of efficient partitioning to dust. Interrelationships between precipitation chemistry and aerosol species based on long-term surface data provide insight into aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States

et al. 2020

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“…Based on the secondary and primary concentration limits in GB 3085-2012 and stipulated by the World Health Organization, 19.60%, 69.00%, and 89.10% of the days exceeded the PM 2.5 concentration limit (75.00, 35.00, and 25.00 μg/m 3 ), and 1.10%, 35.80%, and 100% of the days exceeded the Cd, As, and Cr concentration limits, respectively. Cr(VI) accounted for 16.66% of the total Cr concentration ( 26 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between PM2.5-bound metals and pediatric respiratory health in Guangzhou: An ecological study investigating source, health risk, and effect

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe adverse effects of 2.5-μm particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on public health have become an increasing concern worldwide. However, epidemiological findings on the effects of PM2.5-bound metals on children's respiratory health are limited and inconsistent because PM2.5 is a complicated mixture.ObjectivesGiven the vulnerability of children's respiratory system, aim to pediatric respiratory health, this study evaluated the potential sources, health risks, and acute health effects of ambient PM2.5-bound metals among children in Guangzhou, China from January 2017 to December 2019.MethodsPotential sources of PM2.5-bound metals were detected using positive matrix factorization (PMF). A health risk assessment was conducted to investigate the inhalation risk of PM2.5-bound metals in children. The associations between PM2.5-bound metals and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits were examined with a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model (GAM).ResultsDuring 2017–2019, the daily mean concentrations of PM2.5 was 53.39 μg/m3, and the daily mean concentrations of PM2.5-bound metals range 0.03 ng/m3 [thorium (Th) and beryllium (Be)] from to 396.40 ng/m3 [iron (Fe)]. PM2.5-bound metals were mainly contributed by motor vehicles and street dust. PM2.5-bound arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr)(VI), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were found to pose a carcinogenic risk (CR). A quasi-Poisson GAM was constructed that showed there were significant associations between PM2.5 concentrations and pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. PM2.5 was significantly associated with pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. Moreover, with a 10 μg/m3 increase in Ni, Cr(VI), Ni, and As concentrations, the corresponding pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases increased by 2.89% (95% CI: 2.28–3.50%), acute upper respiratory infections (AURIs) increased by 2.74% (2.13–3.35%), influenza and pneumonia (FLU&PN) increased by 23.36% (20.09–26.72%), and acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) increased by 16.86% (15.16–18.60%), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings showed that PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound As, Cd, Co, Cr(VI), Ni, and Pb had adverse effects on pediatric respiratory health during the study period. New strategies are required to decrease the production of PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound metals by motor vehicles and to reduce levels of street dust to reduce children's exposure to these pollutants and thereby increase child health.

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“…The chromium soluble fraction average was 23% (1 h), 27% (24 h), 29% (48 h) in Curitiba and 47% (1 h), 43% (24 h), 57% (48 h) in Manaus. Hexavalent chromium is generally considered as water-soluble 56 . Furthermore, Cr (VI) translocate easier from the lungs into the bloodstream than the Cr (III) 38 , which results in higher bioaccessibility in the lung fluid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher ratio of Cr (III)/ Cr total in Curitiba than Manaus may decrease the bioaccessibility of this element in Curitiba. Another factor to consider is that the increase of distance between the direct source of Cr (VI) and the sampling position would inevitably result in a reduction to Cr (III) compounds 37,38,56 . The distance between the cement industry plant and the sampling location in Curitiba is about 30 km, while in Manaus the distance between the TPPs and the sampling point range from 5 to 15 km.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence that different urban development models has on PM2.5 elemental and bioaccessible profiles

Polezer

Oliveira

Potgieter‐Vermaak

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Limited studies have reported on in-vitro analysis of PM2.5 but as far as the authors are aware, bioaccessibility of PM2.5 in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) has not been linked to urban development models before. The Brazilian cities Manaus (Amazon) and Curitiba (South region) have different geographical locations, climates, and urban development strategies. Manaus drives its industrialization using the free trade zone policy and Curitiba adopted a services centered economy driven by sustainability. Therefore, these two cities were used to illustrate the influence that these different models have on PM2.5 in vitro profile. We compared PM2.5 mass concentrations and the average total elemental and bioaccessible profiles for Cu, Cr, Mn, and Pb. The total average elemental concentrations followed Mn > Pb > Cu > Cr in Manaus and Pb > Mn > Cu > Cr in Curitiba. Mn had the lowest solubility while Cu showed the highest bioaccessibility (100%) and was significantly higher in Curitiba than Manaus. Cr and Pb had higher bioaccessibility in Manaus than Curitiba. Despite similar mass concentrations, the public health risk in Manaus was higher than in Curitiba indicating that the free trade zone had a profound effect on the emission levels and sources of airborne PM. These findings illustrate the importance of adopting sustainable air quality strategies in urban planning.

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UK concentrations of chromium and chromium (VI), measured as water soluble chromium, in PM10

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States

Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States

Association between PM2.5-bound metals and pediatric respiratory health in Guangzhou: An ecological study investigating source, health risk, and effect

The influence that different urban development models has on PM2.5 elemental and bioaccessible profiles

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