“…The normative nature of risk society In Beck's original version, risk society theory is deliberately vague about its normative character (Pieterman 2015). In the style of Karl Marx's Capital (Marx 1867), Beck's analysis is neither empirical nor descriptive, and can gravitate toward a normative outlook at any time without notice; in World at Risk, Beck suggests that this has to do with the nature of critical theory, but he provides no further explanation (Beck 2009, 189).…”