“…Failure envelopes under undrained soil conditions for different foundation geometries, soil strength profiles, and interface conditions have been considered previously (e.g. strip (Ganesh and Kumar, 2021), rectangular (Gourvenec and Randolph, 2003), circular (Suryasentana et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2020) and bucket (He et al, 2021) foundations); homogeneous strength (Taiebat and Carter, 2002), non-homogeneous strength (Feng et al, 2014; Ganesh and Kumar, 2021) and two-layer strength (Xia et al, 2021) soils; and zero-tension interface (Pham et al, 2020; Shen et al, 2016) and unlimited-tension interface (Gourvenec and Randolph, 2003; Wang et al, 2020)). These studies focused primarily on load combinations of vertical ( V ), horizontal ( H ), and moment ( M ) loads.…”