Ultimate electromechanical energy conversion performance and energy storage capacity of ferroelectric materials under high excitation levels

Tùng, Nguyễn Thanh; Taxil, Gaspard; Nguyen, Hung Hoang; Ducharne, Benjamin; Lallart, Mickaël; Lefeuvre, Élie; Kuwano, Hiroki; Sebald, Gaël

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119984

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This value appears to be excessive compared to the Galfenol and Terfenol-D results depicted in Table 1, but the experimental conditions are entirely different (σ < 10 MPa in Zucca et al (2015), for example), making the comparison delicate. This value can also be compared to other energy conversion processes, such as piezoelectric conversion, where the energy density may reach hundreds of mJ cm −3 (Tung et al, 2022). The difference in the order of magnitude may be attributed to the relatively high electrostrictive strain of ferroelectrics that may reach thousands of ppm or even close to 1% in some compounds (Park and Shrout, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculation of the ultimate converted energy during one cycle was considered to assess the energy conversion capability (Hristoforou et al, 2018; Tung et al, 2022). More precisely, this assessment was performed assuming a thermodynamic cycle close to the equivalent Ericsson cycle.…”

Section: Ericsson Cycle Energy Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a small scale (millimeters to centimeters), the preferred conversion mechanism remains to date piezoelectricity. More than 200 mJ cm 3 can be expected using piezoelectric material (Tung et al, 2022), which is larger than any other conversion method. Still, many drawbacks can be associated with the piezoelectric solution, including, in the first line, the absence in the market of large-volume specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Magnetostrictive energy conversion ability of Iron Cobalt Vanadium alloy sheet: Experimental and theoretical evaluation

Zangho,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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The increasing demand for autonomous devices has made the concept of energy harvesting a significant industrial and academic point of interest. In this domain, an ideal magnetostrictive material for converting mechanical vibrations into electrical energy in a cost-effective way (i.e. competing with the price of primary batteries) remains to be determined. Iron-Cobalt-Vanadium (Permendur, Co49-Fe49-V2) is a promising candidate: it is a soft ferromagnetic material with high magnetization saturation, high magnetostrictive coefficients, low price, and good availability. In this study, the experimental magnetic characterization and simulation of Permendur sheets under tensile stress were performed, and their energy conversion capabilities were assessed. The conversion ability was predicted using thermodynamic Ericsson cycles from reconstructed anhysteretic curves. A maximum of 10.45 mJ cm−3 energy density was obtained under a tensile stress of 480 MPa and a magnetic excitation of 5.5 kA m−1. Then, an additional estimation was proposed to account for the hysteresis losses. For this, major hysteresis loops at different stress levels were considered, yielding an energy density of 3.52 mJ cm−3. Finally, experimental Ericsson cycles were performed to prove the feasibility of the conversion and corroborate the energy level predictions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ericsson Cycle Energy Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Magnetostrictive energy conversion ability of Iron Cobalt Vanadium alloy sheet: Experimental and theoretical evaluation

Zangho,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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“…The thermodynamic Ericsson cycle is helpful when estimating the ultimate converted energy density [88,89]. An Ericsson cycle consists of two steps that are performed under constant stress and two other steps that are performed under a constant field [90,91].…”

Section: Ultimate Energy Density Of the Ericsson Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of energy conversion capability among various magnetostrictive materials for energy harvesting

Liu,

Lallart,

Ducharne

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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This work addresses vibrational energy harvesting using magnetostrictive materials. In this field, materials with exceptional magneto-mechanical coupling properties (e.g., Galfenol, Terfenol-D) have attracted significant attention. Only a few magnetostrictive materials have been tested in devices, however, leaving the actual influence of these materials’ properties on the energy harvesting device open to question. This work compares an extensive range of ferromagnetic materials through analysis of their magnetic behavior under static stress. To enable fair comparison of the materials, a model was developed to interpolate their magnetic anhysteretic curves under fixed stress of σ = ±50 MPa. The energy harvesting process was then simulated using a theoretical Ericsson thermodynamic cycle, where the area represents the energy density. This approach estimates the ultimate energy density of the materials using a fair approach, without placing conditions on the applied magnetic field. The correlation between ultimate energy density and the magnetoelastic coefficient show that highly magnetostrictive materials achieve higher ultimate energy densities, as expected. In the low field range, it is however concluded that all materials exhibit energy densities of the same order of magnitude. Secondly, the magnetoelastic coefficient versus excitation field characteristics revealed an optimal bias magnetic field for each material. Finally, for realistic implementation, the paper considers a pre-stress in combination with a bias magnetic field and the small dynamic variations that result from currents induced in surrounding coils. A model was developed and revealed an optimum output energy density that was independent of the geometry and the coil. An energy harvesting figure of merit was then defined to enable a final comparison of the materials, encompassing both material characteristics and realistic applications. Under these working conditions and with all costs considered, some low-magnetostriction materials appeared able to compete with giant magnetostriction materials.

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“…These works solely relied on the linear properties of the piezoelectric material, hence restricting the full use of the transducers. It was however established that the application of Ericsson cycles under high levels close to the limits, yielding nonlinear response of the transducer, might lead to energy densities in the range of 100-240 mJ cm −3 [17], decades beyond what linear piezoelectric properties could provide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric small scale generator: towards near-Joule output energy generation

Sebald

Tùng

Taxil

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Research on piezoelectric energy microgenerators from vibrations led to an abundant literature, with various strategies to optimize the frequency range and output power. In contrast, for very low frequency range (<10Hz) and/or for non harmonic mechanical source, the large majority of the strategies are not adapted. This work deals with a small scale piezoelectric generator where the input mechanical source consists of a single force application in the range of hundreds of Newtons (i.e., typical human weight). Contrary to vibrational mechanical sources, such an application context necessitates harvesting as much as energy as possible in a single cycle. This was achieved by assembling several piezoelectric stacks within a mechanical amplification system, and to use the electric field and stress levels close to the limits of the piezoelectric elements. Ericsson cycle (i.e. thermodynamic cycle comprising two iso-electric field and two iso-stress steps) was applied to the piezoelectric material and later using two device prototypes in order to quantify the harvesting capabilities. Finally, in a realistic application point of view, a passive electrical interface based on Bennet’s doubler was implemented and compared to the Ericsson cycles in terms of output energy. This electrical energy management strategy successfully allowed working at ultra high electrical field (>2kV/mm) enabling a converted energy density close to the ultimate value. An maximal energy density of 320 mJ/cm3 was reached using Ericsson cycles, and 130 mJ/cm3 using Bennet’s doubler (~40% of the ultimate energy density). The device comprising ~2.4 cm3 of piezoelectric material, the net output energy converted and stored per cycle reached 320 mJ. Still, the work presented here can be adapted to other range of forces and displacements for maximizing energy harvesting.

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Ultimate electromechanical energy conversion performance and energy storage capacity of ferroelectric materials under high excitation levels

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Magnetostrictive energy conversion ability of Iron Cobalt Vanadium alloy sheet: Experimental and theoretical evaluation

Magnetostrictive energy conversion ability of Iron Cobalt Vanadium alloy sheet: Experimental and theoretical evaluation

Analysis of energy conversion capability among various magnetostrictive materials for energy harvesting

Piezoelectric small scale generator: towards near-Joule output energy generation

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