Ultimate tensile behavior of short single‐wall carbon nanotube/epoxy composites and the reinforced mechanism

Wang, Xiaoer; Zhu, Tianli; Deng, Zhen‐Yan; Zhao, Xinluo

doi:10.1002/pc.27262

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Thermosetting resins typically exhibit outstanding mechanical properties and commendable chemical resistance and dimensional and thermal stabilities, among other desirable characteristics. − Epoxy resins hold a prominent position in thermosets as they are broadly employed in coatings, adhesives, and composites. , The low cost, uncomplicated processing, and suitability for mass automated production have established epoxy resins as a dominant player in the integrated circuits packaging industry . Traditional glycidyl ether-based epoxy resins, like DGEBA, are typically synthesized by reacting with epichlorohydrin, resulting in residual chlorine content. , Notably, hydrolyzable chlorine residues can significantly influence the performance of the cured resin .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Behavior and Properties of Active Ester Cured Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins

Liu,

Qin,

Cui

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins are known for their synthesis process that eliminates hydrolyzable chlorine, thus avoiding the hydrolysis of hydrolyzable chlorine to hydroxyl groups in conventional epoxies, which is very favorable for the preparation of low dielectric epoxy resins. The curing process using active ester generates no hydroxyl groups, also indicating a promising approach for producing low dielectric epoxy resins. However, the resistance of cycloaliphatic epoxy to nucleophilic reactions restricts it from reacting usually only with anhydrides. This study investigates the reactivity of the active ester with cycloaliphatic epoxy, demonstrating its capability to undergo complete curing reactions at temperatures near 150 °C. Factors influencing this process, including the volatilization of the catalyst DMAP and its reactivity, are examined. Two types of cycloaliphatic epoxies (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3′,4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (EEC) and bis (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate (BEA)) are combined with an active ester hardener, triacetyl resveratrol (TAR), to prepare epoxy resins. The activation energies for the curing reactions are determined, and the optimal concentration of catalyst 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is identified for each resin. The use of catalysts at specific concentrations results in resins with superior mechanical properties (91.7 and 71.4 MPa for EEC/TAR and BEA/TAR), excellent thermal stability (T d5% of 354 and 347 °C), and good dielectric properties (dielectric constant of 3.68 and 3.95 at 10 MHz), outperforming anhydride-cured cycloaliphatic epoxy resins. These findings expand the selection of hardeners for cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and highlight the potential of the prepared resins in electronic packaging materials, offering enhanced properties suitable for various applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Behavior and Properties of Active Ester Cured Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins

Liu,

Qin,

Cui

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9] Experimental studies for nano-composite materials, where graphene is utilized as a nanomaterial for filler, continue as well. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The manufacturability and production processes of nano-composite materials containing graphene and epoxy are also separate research areas. [19][20][21][22] The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method is used to predict the properties of these new-generation nanocomposite materials because manufacturing them is challenging, expensive, and time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene has drawn significant scholarly attention from numerous research projects with its distinctive two‐dimensional honeycomb lattice structure and use as a nanofiller material 4–9 . Experimental studies for nano‐composite materials, where graphene is utilized as a nanomaterial for filler, continue as well 10–18 . The manufacturability and production processes of nano‐composite materials containing graphene and epoxy are also separate research areas 19–22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Young's modulus of defective graphene‐reinforced epoxy at different weight ratios by molecular dynamics

2023

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Experimental studies have shown that adding graphene to epoxy at even a low weight ratio increases strength, temperature resistance, and electrical conductivity. This study examines the effects of combining graphene with epoxy and assesses Young's modulus of the resulting nano‐composite materials with various defective graphene types. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is are utilized to predict the mechanical properties of nano‐composite materials, and a heuristic protocol is implemented to avoid incorrect bond structures during crosslinking reactions. The study demonstrates that adding graphene to epoxy increases Young's modulus, but the effect declines when the graphene is defective. These results significantly advance the field's knowledge by providing a new understanding of the effects of pristine and defective graphene reinforcement on epoxy Young's modulus. This research stands out for its evaluation of the impact of various graphene defects on epoxy properties using MD simulations. The employed heuristic protocol in this study, which includes thorough updates of both bonded and non‐bonded terms as well as partial charges, serves as a more reliable algorithm than iterative multi‐step protocols by reducing the risk of incorrect molecular linkages resulting from the neglect of angle‐based covalent terms. Additionally, this study evaluates the constant strain minimization method's suitability for determining the mechanical properties of nano‐composite materials. Finally, a thorough comparison between the simulation results and the existing experimental findings reported in scholarly sources was made to guarantee the full disclosure of both qualitative and quantitative results within the scope of the investigation.

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“…Single‐walled (SWCNTs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are now extensively incorporated into the polymer matrices in order to obtain the materials with higher mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties 1–6 . These properties are mainly associated with the formation of the nanofillers network within the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are now extensively incorporated into the polymer matrices in order to obtain the materials with higher mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6] These properties are mainly associated with the formation of the nanofillers network within the polymer. However, when a nanocomposite is in the molten state, the structure of the nanofillers network can be altered because of the nanofillers diffusion and aggregation due to the thermodynamic instability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological percolation, gel‐like behavior and electrical conductivity of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes filled ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Razavi‐Nouri,

Salavati

2023

Polymer Composites

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Reasonable studies on the composite systems containing conductive nanoparticles are very important to manufacture the materials with physico‐mechanical tailor‐made properties. In this work, rheological percolation, gel‐like behavior and electrical properties of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene copolymer blends containing 0–7 wt% MWCNTs were studied. The Winter‐Chambon criterion validity was evaluated for physical gelation of the system. The rheological and electrical percolation threshold, gel point (Pg), relaxation exponent (n), gel strength (Sg), and the fractal dimension (df) at the gel point were calculated. The formation of physical gel and rheological percolation threshold were both found to occur at 1 wt% MWCNTs concentration. Based on the df value determined, it was revealed that the system behaved similar to the one in which the excluded volume interactions were nearly screened. It was also found that the storage modulus (G′) near the Pg followed a power‐law scaling relationship in the form where is the distance from Pg. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increased with the increase in MWCNTs loading after the nanofillers content surpassed a certain value. A schematic model was proposed to demonstrate the variation of electrical conduction with the increase in MWCNTs concentration. The excluded volume and hard‐core models were also employed to estimate the average aspect ratio of the nanofillers embedded in the system.Highlights Morphology and gel‐like behavior of EVA/NBR/MWCNTs system were studied Winter‐Chambon criterion was found to be valid for the gelation of the system Rheological percolation and gel point were occurred at the same MWCNTs loading It was found excluded volume interactions were nearly screened at gel point A schematic model for microstructure development was suggested for the system

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Ultimate tensile behavior of short single‐wall carbon nanotube/epoxy composites and the reinforced mechanism

Cited by 8 publications

References 75 publications

Curing Behavior and Properties of Active Ester Cured Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins

Curing Behavior and Properties of Active Ester Cured Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins

Investigation of Young's modulus of defective graphene‐reinforced epoxy at different weight ratios by molecular dynamics

Rheological percolation, gel‐like behavior and electrical conductivity of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes filled ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber nanocomposites

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