Ultra-cold single-atom quantum heat engines

Barontini, Giovanni; Paternostro, Mauro

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ab2684

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Second, we simulate what happens when the trapped atom is interacting with a bath undergoing evaporative cooling. To illustrate a specific case, in our simulations we use 87 Rb and 41 K as the bath atoms and the single atom, respectively, similar to what was done in [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermalization of a Trapped Single Atom with an Atomic Thermal Bath

2021

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We studied a single atom trapped in an optical tweezer interacting with a thermal bath of ultracold atoms of a different species. Because of the collisions between the trapped atom and the bath atoms, the trapped atom undergoes changes in its vibrational states occupation to reach thermal equilibrium with the bath. By using Monte Carlo simulations, we characterized the single atom’s thermalization process, and we studied how this can be used for cooling. Our simulations demonstrate that, within known experimental limitations, it is feasible to cool a trapped single atom with a thermal bath.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermalization of a Trapped Single Atom with an Atomic Thermal Bath

2021

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“…Then these results further guide the practical applications. There are many works, including theoretical studies and experimental studies [ 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ], focused on single-stage single-atom HEs and QHEs, but little research on combined QHEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis and Optimization for Irreversible Combined Carnot Heat Engine Working with Ideal Quantum Gases

Chen

Meng

et al. 2021

Entropy

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An irreversible combined Carnot cycle model using ideal quantum gases as a working medium was studied by using finite-time thermodynamics. The combined cycle consisted of two Carnot sub-cycles in a cascade mode. Considering thermal resistance, internal irreversibility, and heat leakage losses, the power output and thermal efficiency of the irreversible combined Carnot cycle were derived by utilizing the quantum gas state equation. The temperature effect of the working medium on power output and thermal efficiency is analyzed by numerical method, the optimal relationship between power output and thermal efficiency is solved by the Euler-Lagrange equation, and the effects of different working mediums on the optimal power and thermal efficiency performance are also focused. The results show that there is a set of working medium temperatures that makes the power output of the combined cycle be maximum. When there is no heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are parabolic-like ones, and the internal irreversibility makes both power output and efficiency decrease. When there is heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are loop-shaped ones, and the heat leakage loss only affects the thermal efficiency of the combined Carnot cycle. Comparing the power output of combined heat engines with four types of working mediums, the two-stage combined Carnot cycle using ideal Fermi-Bose gas as working medium obtains the highest power output.

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“…Combining optimal control theory and FTT theory, Erdman et al [ 49 ] optimized the two-level HE by a fast Otto-cycle and derived the closed formula of MPO and the corresponding efficiency. In addition, more genres of WM have been considered and studied recently [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. To date, the research on quantum thermodynamic cycles has mainly focused on the optimal path and optimal performance in one-stage HEs, including Carnot HEs [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 44 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], Brayton HEs [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ], Otto HEs [ 46 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ], Stirling HEs [ 45 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ], and other HEs and systems [ 43 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Power and Efficiency of Multi-Stage Endoreversible Quantum Carnot Heat Engine with Harmonic Oscillators at the Classical Limit

Meng

Chen

2020

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At the classical limit, a multi-stage, endoreversible Carnot cycle model of quantum heat engine (QHE) working with non-interacting harmonic oscillators systems is established in this paper. A simplified combined cycle, where all sub-cycles work at maximum power output (MPO), is analyzed under two types of combined form: constraint of cycle period or constraint of interstage heat current. The expressions of power and the corresponding efficiency under two types of combined constrains are derived. A general combined cycle, in which all sub-cycles run at arbitrary state, is further investigated under two types of combined constrains. By introducing the Lagrangian function, the MPO of two-stage combined QHE with different intermediate temperatures is obtained, utilizing numerical calculation. The results show that, for the simplified combined cycle, the total power decreases and heat exchange from hot reservoir increases under two types of constrains with the increasing number (N) of stages. The efficiency of the combined cycle decreases under the constraints of the cycle period, but keeps constant under the constraint of interstage heat current. For the general combined cycle, three operating modes, including single heat engine mode at low “temperature” (SM1), double heat engine mode (DM) and single heat engine mode at high “temperature” (SM2), appear as intermediate temperature varies. For the constraint of cycle period, the MPO is obtained at the junction of DM mode and SM2 mode. For the constraint of interstage heat current, the MPO keeps constant during DM mode, in which the two sub-cycles compensate each other.

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Ultra-cold single-atom quantum heat engines

Cited by 33 publications

References 49 publications

Thermalization of a Trapped Single Atom with an Atomic Thermal Bath

Thermalization of a Trapped Single Atom with an Atomic Thermal Bath

Performance Analysis and Optimization for Irreversible Combined Carnot Heat Engine Working with Ideal Quantum Gases

Optimal Power and Efficiency of Multi-Stage Endoreversible Quantum Carnot Heat Engine with Harmonic Oscillators at the Classical Limit

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