Ultra-compact universal polarization X-band unit cell for high-performance active phased array radar

Ortiz, Javier A.; Diaz, Jose D.; Aboserwal, Nafati; Salazar, Jorge L.; Jeon, Laurence; Sim, Sanghoon; Chun, Johghoon

doi:10.1109/array.2016.7832592

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While maintaining a symmetrical structure for dual-polarized applications, cross-patch antennas help to mitigate undesirable higher-order modes that are easily excited in a conventional square patch antenna [14]. In the design proposed in this article, a cross-patch with a four-probe balanced network is used to further improve port isolation and cross-polarization [24]. Fig.…”

Section: Antenna Design Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost CMOS Active Array Solution for Highly Dense X-Band Weather Radar Network

Ortiz

Salazar-Cerreño

Diaz

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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This article presents the development of a CMOS active array antenna unit cell as a potential solution for a highly dense, low-altitude short-coverage phased array X-band radar network system. The antenna uses a cross-patch differential feed structure designed in a stacked configuration for bandwidth and cross-polarization enhancement. To overcome the limitations of current CMOS RF performance, a mirroring technique was applied at the element and subarray level. A 16-element array (4×4 elements), integrated with CMOS T/R modules in a tileable architecture, was developed and characterized. Measured results demonstrate that this proposed array offers cross-polarization levels less than −32 dB across the scanning range of ±45 • in the principal planes for dual-polarized alternate transmit and alternate receive (ATAR) phased array weather radar. Index Terms-Active phased array antenna, balanced feeding, dual-polarized, dual-polarized weather radar, low-profile phased array, microstrip antenna array, mirrored feed network, near field calibration, probe-fed, T/R modules. I. INTRODUCTION D URING the last decade, interest in using rapid scanning radars for weather observation has significantly increased among meteorologists and radar engineers. Faster update radars (less than 1 min) are desirable for monitoring largescale, fast-moving storm events, especially for the study of tornado evolutions [1]. With such agile capabilities, a single radar platform using phased array radars (PARs) offers multibeam features that can be applied to many applications, such as air traffic control and weather observation. PARs are also scalable, reconfigurable, more reliable, and offer potential solutions for reducing the operation and maintenance costs of radar systems [1], [2]. One of the limitations of current weather radar network systems is blockage due to Earth's curvature, which obstructs Manuscript

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Section: Antenna Design Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost CMOS Active Array Solution for Highly Dense X-Band Weather Radar Network

Ortiz

Salazar-Cerreño

Diaz

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

Self Cite

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“…Although they only report the radiation pattern for broadside, they verify the design by obtaining bit error rates of less than 10 −4 over a scan range of ±30 • . In [21], a low-profile active 4×4 array antenna with ±30 • scan range, and in [22] an active 1D five-element array at X-band radiating at broadside were presented. Other active array concepts with beam steering capabilities are presented in [23]- [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Scan, Active K-band, Direct-Integrated Phased Array for Efficient High-Power Tx-Generation

Emadeddin¹,

Jonsson²

2022

Preprint

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<p>In this paper, we propose a new wide-scan active direct integrated phased array antenna (AIPAA) for mm-Wave applications. The AIPAA’s unit-cell comprises three K-band miniaturized taper slot elements, a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) as a power amplifier (PA), a stabilizer, an input matching network, and biasing components. The tapered slot antenna element is reshaped so that its input impedance closely matches the optimal load impedance of the HEMT (Zopt=6+j38 Ω@22 GHz), which enhances the system efficiency. The peak AIPAA’s Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) is ≥ 56% with ≤ 9% variation over scan coverage (±50⁰) at 1.5dB power backoff from P1dB. The relative frequency bandwidth with PAE above 25% is between 9%-13% over the scan range. The proposed AIPAA demonstrates less than 0.9dB and 1dB scanloss over the scan coverage in terms of antenna array gain and PAs’ power gain (Gp), respectively. The peak PA-integrated array gain and EIRP @P1dB of 24dBi and 51dBm are achieved, respectively. The proposed AIPAA is 18 × 58 × 17 mm3 with a cell size of 9.2 × 6.5 × 1.8 mm3 (0:67 × 0:5 × 0:13 λ3). The measurements are in good agreement with electromagnetic and circuit co-simulation results.</p>

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“…Finally, because of the repetitive arrangement in phased array systems, subarray module miniaturization is a good approach for reducing the overall occupied volume. Although the dimensions of an antenna are fundamentally associated with operating frequency and available bandwidth, the use of embedded planar antennas in the tile array configuration can reduce the system form factor [22][23][24][25]. For example, studies have reported that incorporating a SiGe transceiver, a CMOS data converter, and a commercial digital processor can produce a compact subarray module tile for a digital beamforming system [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An X-Band CMOS Digital Phased Array Radar from Hardware to Software

Chou

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Phased array technology features rapid and directional scanning and has become a promising approach for remote sensing and wireless communication. In addition, element-level digitization has increased the feasibility of complicated signal processing and simultaneous multi-beamforming processes. However, the high cost and bulky characteristics of beam-steering systems have prevented their extensive application. In this paper, an X-band element-level digital phased array radar utilizing fully integrated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transceivers is proposed for achieving a low-cost and compact-size digital beamforming system. An 8–10 GHz transceiver system-on-chip (SoC) fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology offers baseband filtering, frequency translation, and global clock synchronization through the proposed periodic pulse injection technique. A 16-element subarray module with an SoC integration, antenna-in-package, and tile array configuration achieves digital beamforming, back-end computing, and dc–dc conversion with a size of 317 × 149 × 74.6 mm3. A radar demonstrator with scalable subarray modules simultaneously realizes range sensing and azimuth recognition for pulsed radar configurations. Captured by the suggested software-defined pulsed radar, a complete range–azimuth figure with a 1 km maximum observation range can be displayed within 150 ms under the current implementation.

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Ultra-compact universal polarization X-band unit cell for high-performance active phased array radar

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Low-Cost CMOS Active Array Solution for Highly Dense X-Band Weather Radar Network

Low-Cost CMOS Active Array Solution for Highly Dense X-Band Weather Radar Network

Wide Scan, Active K-band, Direct-Integrated Phased Array for Efficient High-Power Tx-Generation

An X-Band CMOS Digital Phased Array Radar from Hardware to Software

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