Ultra-confined mid-infrared resonant phonon polaritons in van der Waals nanostructures

Tamagnone, Michele; Ambrosio, Antonio; Chaudhary, Kundan; Jauregui, Luis A.; Kim, Philip; Wilson, William L.; Capasso, Federico

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat7189

Cited by 126 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…h‐BN has a uniaxial permittivity and exhibits a hyperbolic isofrequency curve in two infrared Reststrahlen bands (regions between transversal and longitudinal optical phonon frequencies, ω TO and ω LO , respectively), where ε ⊥ > 0 and ε ∥ < 0 (lower band) and ε ⊥ < 0, ε ∥ > 0 (upper band), respectively. In the upper band, two types of HPs have been found: volume‐confined HPs in extended slabs, and in resonator structures, as well as surface‐confined HPs at the edges of slabs, linear antennas and cylindrical waveguides . However, a detailed study of HP modes in long ribbons with rectangular cross section, representing canonical linear waveguide structures, has not been reported yet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Dolado

Alfaro-Mozaz

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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Van der Waals (vdW) materials host a variety of polaritons, which make them an emerging material platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale. Due to the layered structure of vdW materials, the polaritons can exhibit a hyperbolic dispersion and propagate as nanoscale‐confined volume modes in thin flakes. On the other hand, surface‐confined modes can be found at the flake edges. Surprisingly, the guiding of these modes in ribbons—representing typical linear waveguide structures—is widely unexplored. Here, a detailed study of hyperbolic phonon polaritons propagating in hexagonal boron nitride ribbons is reported. Employing infrared nanoimaging, a variety of modes are observed. Particularly, the fundamental volume waveguide mode that exhibits a cutoff width is identified, which, interestingly, can be lowered by reducing the waveguide thickness. Further, hybridization of the surface modes and their evolution with varying frequency and waveguide width are observed. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that the symmetrically hybridized surface mode does not exhibit a cutoff width, and thus enables linear waveguiding of the polaritons in arbitrarily narrow ribbons. The experimental data, supported by simulations, establish a solid basis for the understanding of hyperbolic polaritons in linear waveguides, which is of critical importance for their application in future photonic devices.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Dolado

Alfaro-Mozaz

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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“…Figure a presents a sketch of s‐SNOM. The AFM tip is used to enhance and probe the local electric field in close proximity to the sample, which helps to match the light momentum with the sample and enables momentum‐resolved optical characterization .…”

Section: Optical Near‐field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A moving mirror, oscillating with the same frequency as the tip, is used to demodulate (pseudoheterodyne demodulation) phase and amplitude of the scattered field. Reproduced with permission under the terms of a Creative Commons license 4.0 (CC BY‐NC) . Copyright 2018, The Authors, published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).…”

Section: Optical Near‐field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the same hyperspectral measurement, spectra can be obtained in various points on the disc, confirming the resonant wavelength of the modes in discs can be several tens of times smaller than the free space wavelength (about 7 µm). Reproduced with permission under the terms of a Creative Commons license 4.0 (CC BY‐NC) . Copyright 2018, The Authors, published by AAAS.…”

Section: Optical Near‐field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials

Luo

Guo

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polaritons in 2D materials exhibit extensive optical phenomena, such as an ultrahigh field confinement and tunability and, thus, have been attracting increasing attentions. Many different methods have been developed to characterize and manipulate polaritons, which in turn has promoted a steady booming of this field. Here, the significant progress made in probing polaritons in 2D materials based on the characterization method, i.e., optical far‐field, optical near‐field, and (opto)electronic methods is reviewed. Perspectives on the potential development and applications of these methods are also discussed.

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“…Accordingly, type I and type II HP 2 s exist in the abovementioned spectral ranges. HP 2 waves have been observed in hBN‐based systems by s‐SNOM and photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) . They are typically launched or emitted by edges and features of the hBN crystal or by metallic antennas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials with Synchrotron Infrared Nanospectroscopy

Barcelos

Bechtel

Matos

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polaritons, which are quasiparticles composed of a photon coupled to an electric or magnetic dipole, are a major focus in nanophotonic research of van der Waals (vdW) crystals and their derived 2D materials. For the variety of existing vdW materials, polaritons can be active in a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum (meVs to eVs) and exhibit momenta much higher than the corresponding free‐space radiation. Hence, the use of high momentum broadband sources or probes is imperative to excite those quasiparticles and measure the frequency‐momentum dispersion relations, which provide insights into polariton dynamics. Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS) is a technique that combines the nanoscale spatial resolution of scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy with ultrabroadband synchrotron infrared radiation, making it highly suitable to probe and characterize a variety of vdW polaritons. Here, the advances enabled by SINS on the study of key photonic attributes of far‐ and mid‐infrared plasmon‐ and phonon‐polaritons in vdW and 2D crystals are reviewed. In that context the SINS technique is comprehensively described and it is demonstrated how fundamental polaritonic properties are retrieved for a range of atomically thin systems including hBN, MoS2, graphene and 2D heterostructures.

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Ultra-confined mid-infrared resonant phonon polaritons in van der Waals nanostructures

Abstract: Resonant polaritonic nanoantennas allow manipulation of light and optical forces at the nanoscale for sensing applications.

Cited by 126 publications

References 34 publications

Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials

Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials with Synchrotron Infrared Nanospectroscopy

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