Ultra Deep Hydrotreatment of Iraqi Vacuum Gas Oil Using a Modified Catalyst

Ghani, S. A.; Sarag, M. A. Al; Jadaa, Waleed

doi:10.1080/15567036.2011.643346

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Each variable influences the process in a peculiar way, but the properties of feed oil and the required quality of the product determines the severity to which they are applied. 23 Fixed-bed reactors (FBRs) are the commonly used technologies for hydrotreatment operations. However, they are only suitable for upgrading light crude oil because their application in heavy oil upgrading usually results in premature shutdown of operation, due to excessive coke deposition and catalytic active-metals sintering.…”

Section: Overall Status Of Heavy Oil Hydrotreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is performed under numerous operation variables such as temperature, pressure, space velocity, and H 2 /oil ratio, in the presence of a catalyst that provides the functionality of hydroconversion. Each variable influences the process in a peculiar way, but the properties of feed oil and the required quality of the product determines the severity to which they are applied …”

Section: Overall Status Of Heavy Oil Hydrotreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on the Reaction Mechanism of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation in Heavy Oil Upgrading

et al. 2021

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The future of fuel supply will undoubtedly involve the utilization of heavy crude oils, including those from nonconventional sources, such as bitumen and oil shale. Because of their dense nature and poor compositional characteristics, heavy oils cannot be admitted straightly as refinery feeds, since the direct processing of such oils hardly produces engine fuels of commercial standard. The currently available refinery setups also require substantial retrofitting in order to process such heavy feeds. Thus, heavy oils must undergo an initial upgrading called hydrotreatment (HDT) by which the feeds are converted to qualified fuel oils or synthetic crude (syncrude) for easy handling. Removing the considerable amount of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds present in the heavy crude oils selectively by hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), respectively, is among the most critical and challenging aspects of the upgrading. However, the mechanism of these two reactions, in relation to different catalytic sites, temperature, pressure, and other operation variables, is not fully understood or well-documented. By analyzing the possible reaction routes involved in S and N removal by HDT, this review sets to bridge the gap that has been left void for a long period of time, to serve as a guide for innovative heavy crude oil upgrading technologies. It finally reports the current challenges impeding the speedy inclusion of heavy crude oils into the global oil supply stream, and proffer perspective solutions together with future research trends.

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Section: Overall Status Of Heavy Oil Hydrotreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overall Status Of Heavy Oil Hydrotreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Reaction Mechanism of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation in Heavy Oil Upgrading

et al. 2021

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“…Zhang et al conducted research on the ratio of Co to Mo during the preparation of CoMo catalysts, which enhanced the performance of the catalyst. Ghani et al , discussed the effect of inhibition on the joint reactions of hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodesulfurization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Diesel Hydrotreating Kinetics and the Synergistic Effect of CoMo and NiMo Catalysts

Jiang,

Shao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Diesel ultradeep desulfurization technology is pivotal in producing clean diesel. This paper examines the kinetic characteristics of the CoMo ultradeep desulfurization catalyst in the diesel hydrotreating process. Integrating the inhibitory effects of hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen-containing compounds, and aromatic hydrocarbons, a three-lump kinetic model for hydrodesulfurization is established. Variations in flow composition along the reactor axial direction under isothermal and adiabatic conditions are simulated. Results indicate that, under adiabatic conditions, the initial removal rate of sulfur-containing compounds is slower compared to isothermal conditions when achieving the same desulfurization depth. Under the adiabatic conditions, beyond the 60% catalyst bed, the reactor enters a low-efficiency zone, and simultaneously, the efficiency of hydrogen utilization also decreases, where the maximum efficiency difference can reach up to 16%. Stacking with a NiMo catalyst, loading the CoMo catalyst in the upper part of the reactor exhibits better selectivity toward the saturation of polyaromatics, implying more effective utilization of hydrogen. It is considered in this study that loading 40% of the CoMo catalyst in the upper part of the reactor not only enhances the hydrogen utilization rate by 4% but also reduces hydrogen consumption by around 8%.

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Gentle hydrotreatment of shale oil in fixed bed over Ni-Mo/Al2O3 for upgrading

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Fuel

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Ultra Deep Hydrotreatment of Iraqi Vacuum Gas Oil Using a Modified Catalyst

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

A Review on the Reaction Mechanism of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation in Heavy Oil Upgrading

A Review on the Reaction Mechanism of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation in Heavy Oil Upgrading

Study on Diesel Hydrotreating Kinetics and the Synergistic Effect of CoMo and NiMo Catalysts

Gentle hydrotreatment of shale oil in fixed bed over Ni-Mo/Al2O3 for upgrading

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