Ultra-facile fabrication of phosphorus doped egg-like hierarchic porous carbon with superior supercapacitance performance by microwave irradiation combining with self-activation strategy

Zhang, Deyi; Han, Mei; Li, Yubing; He, Jin; Wang, Bing; Wang, Kunjie; Li, Congcong

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.082

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…18,37 In case of C1s orbit, the high-resolution spectra of C1s orbit for all samples exhibits four individual component peaks around 284.6, 285.5, 286.5 and 289.3 eV, which are attributed to graphitic structure (C-Csp 2 ), carbon-oxygen single bonds, carbon-oxygen-phosphorus single bonds (C-O-P) and carbon-oxygen double bonds (O-C]O), respectively. 28,38,39 In general, the bonding form is mainly composed of graphitic structure (C-Csp 2 ) at 284.6 eV. In addition, as the amount of The N1s spectrum can be deconvoluted into four different components: the peaks at 398.5, 400.1, 401.1 and 403.5 eV are ascribed to pyridinic nitrogen (N-6), which is, a structure in which one carbon atom on the hexagonal ring of the graphite edge is replaced by a nitrogen atom; pyrrole nitrogen (N-5), which is a structural form in which one carbon atom on a ve-membered heterocyclic ring in graphite is replaced by nitrogen atom; graphite nitrogen (N-Q) or P-N bond and pyridine-N-oxide (N-O).…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly, surface activation methods include chemical activation, physical activation, and microwave radiation activation and so on. [26][27][28][29][30] The research group used KOH activation method to prepare biomass-based carbon nanobers with large specic surface area, and its electrochemical performance improved greatly. Although the KOH activation method can increase the specic surface area of the bers, the amount of hetero atom functional groups on the surface of the bers is largely reduced due to the strong corrosiveness of KOH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and electrochemical studies of electrospun phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers

et al. 2019

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An ultra-facile fabrication process for the preparation of phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers (P-PCNFs) through the electrospinning and heat treatment method has been studied. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Studies showed that fabricated P-PCNFs have unique porous fibers structures, large specific surface area (462.83 cm 2 g À1 ), and abundant microporous and mesoporous structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the contents of phosphorus and electrochemical properties in a series of P-PCNF samples can be tuned by controlling the polyphosphoric acid concentration. The electrochemical properties of the materials were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Studies showed that the specific capacitance of the fabricated P-PCNFs using the ultra-facile process reached up to 228.7 F g À1 at 0.5 A g À1 in 1 M H 2 SO 4 . Over 84.37% of the initial capacitance remains as the current density increases from 0.5 to 10 A g À1 . Meanwhile, at a current density of 2 A g À1 , no capacitance loss was observed in 5000 charge/discharge cycles. The highest voltage windows of sample P-PCNFs-1.0 in 1 M H 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte can reach 1.4 V. These properties suggest that the fabricated P-PCNFs exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. Conclusively, the surface of carbon nanofibers can be modified by heteroatom doping or surface activation which can improve the electrochemical performance of the materials.

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Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and electrochemical studies of electrospun phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers

et al. 2019

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“…Recently, much effort has been made to enhance the electrochemical performance of carbon materials through doping heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus . Among these heteroatoms, nitrogen doping is particular interesting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, much effort has been made to enhance the electrochemical performance of carbon materials through doping heteroatoms such as nitrogen, [4] oxygen, [5] sulfur, [6] and phosphorus. [7] Among these heteroatoms, nitrogen doping is particular interesting. The introduction of nitrogen atoms into carbon materials can not only improve the polarity, electric conductivity, [8] and wettability for electrolyte, facilitating fast ion diffusion during the charge/discharge process, but also create additional abundant electroactive sites [9] to reversible redox reactions which greatly enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbon materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Step Pyrolysis to Synthesize Non‐Graphitic Nitrogen‐Doped 2D Ultrathin Carbon Nanosheets and Their Application in Supercapacitors

Guo

Zhou

Pang³

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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Non‐graphitic nitrogen plays a significant role in determining the electrochemical performance of carbon materials in the field of energy storage. However, the synthesis of carbon materials with a high level of non‐graphitic nitrogen doping is still a great challenge. In this paper, a facile one‐step pyrolysis approach was developed to synthesize 2D carbon nanosheets with a ultrahigh non‐graphitic nitrogen content. Through an ingenious design, g‐C3N4 and NH3, both generated during the pyrolysis process, play major roles in the generation of the non‐graphitic nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets. The intermediate g‐C3N4 acts as both a self‐sacrificial template and a nitrogen source, whereas NH3 offers a nitrogen‐enriched chemical atmosphere. Benefiting from the high pyridinic‐nitrogen content of the maternal g‐C3N4 and the reductive atmosphere of NH3, the as‐prepared carbon nanosheets exhibit a strikingly high non‐graphitic nitrogen content (up to 17.36 wt.%); also, thanks to the g‐C3N4 self‐sacrificial template, the as‐synthesized carbon nanosheets are 2D with an ultrathin thickness (3–4 nm) and a porous structure. These novel features make the as‐prepared carbon nanosheets an excellent supercapacitor electrode material in terms of superior specific capacitance (316.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), excellent cycling stability (without obvious capacitance loss after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1) and high energy density (up to 10.56 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1). This work provides a new idea to prepare non‐graphitic nitrogen enriched carbon materials.

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“…Moreover, C1s spectrum is fitted to three functional groups (Figure B): sp 2 hybridized carbons CC (284.7 eV), nonoxygenated CC bond (285.6 eV), and carbonyl CO bond (288.7 eV) . O1s spectrum clearly displays four different chemical states (Figure C), which are CO in quinone type group at ≈531.7 eV, singly bonded oxygen (O) in CO group at ≈532.7 eV, carboxyl oxygen atoms at ≈533.7 eV, and surface adsorption state oxygen atom at ≈536.3 eV . XPS results confirm the purity of synthesized 3D carbon foam, suggesting that its electrochemical performance originates from carbon (and/or oxygen) element instead of other ones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D Carbon Foam Derived from Phenol Resin via CsCl Soft‐Templating Approach for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

et al. 2020

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Carbon with a 3D foam structure is synthesized by a one‐step strategy using low‐molecular‐weight phenolic resin as the precursor and CsCl as a salt template. Their electrochemical performance as electrodes is studied for symmetric supercapacitors. The distinct effect of CsCl addition amount on morphology, pore structure, electric conductivity, and electrochemical performance is further investigated. With appropriate CsCl addition amount, 3D carbon foam is harvested with abundant micropores and mesopores with a surface area beyond 1590 m2 g−1. It is tested as an electrode in a coin‐type symmetric supercapacitor with 6 m KOH and 1 m TEABF4/MeCN as the electrolyte. The 3D carbon foam electrode displays specific capacitance of 259.3 F g−1 in 6 m KOH and 127.9 F g−1 in 1 m TEABF4/MeCN at 0.5 A g−1. Notably, it exhibits high energy density of 27.7 W h kg−1 in 1 m TEABF4/MeCN. After 10 000 cycles, the specific capacitance remains at 96.9% in 6 m KOH, indicating good cycle stability. The superior performance of 3D carbon foam is attributed to larger surface area, higher electric conductivity, and unique 3D foam structure with sufficient 3D ion‐accessible channels. This work develops a simple, facile method to synthesize high‐performance supercapacitor electrode materials.

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Ultra-facile fabrication of phosphorus doped egg-like hierarchic porous carbon with superior supercapacitance performance by microwave irradiation combining with self-activation strategy

Cited by 60 publications

References 53 publications

Preparation and electrochemical studies of electrospun phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers

Preparation and electrochemical studies of electrospun phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers

One‐Step Pyrolysis to Synthesize Non‐Graphitic Nitrogen‐Doped 2D Ultrathin Carbon Nanosheets and Their Application in Supercapacitors

A 3D Carbon Foam Derived from Phenol Resin via CsCl Soft‐Templating Approach for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

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