“…Titanium and its alloys as lightweight metals of high relative mechanical strength and fatigue limit, corrosion resistance, and outstanding biocompatibility at moderate costs are found in different branches of modern industry, as materials for aircraft [1,2], marine applications [3], military equipment, industrial-technological systems, automotive parts, farming fitting, sporting goods, and biomedical engineering [4,5]. In particular, in medicine, titanium-based alloys are mostly applied to fabricate long-term implants, or their parts, such as the dental, hip joint, knee, and other implants, load-bearing applications [6,7]. The most important value of these materials for medicine is in their high strengthto-density ratio, remarkable corrosion resistance, small elastic modulus compared to various metallic biomaterials, and excellent biocompatibility.…”