Ultra-high-energy galactic cosmic ray hadrons from distributed focused acceleration

The Parallel Diffusion Coefficient and Adiabatic Focusing of Cosmic-Ray Particles

“…Equations of focused particle transport have been used repeatedly to interpret cosmic-ray particle data (e.g., Bieber et al 1986Bieber et al , 2002Dröge et al 2006;Le Roux et al 2007;Sáiz et al 2008;Le Roux & Webb 2009). Adiabatic focusing also leads to an additional convective term in momentum space (Schlickeiser & Shalchi 2008;Litvinenko & Schlickeiser 2011), which can describe a potentially important mechanism of focused particle acceleration (Schlickeiser 2009;Schlickeiser et al 2011).…”