Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry study of tricyclazole photodegradation products in water

Abstract

This paper reports the study of the photodegradation reactions that tricyclazole can naturally undergo, under the action of sunlight, in aqueous solutions of standard tricyclazole and of the commercial BEAM(TM) formulation. The analyses are carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography technique coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of both tricyclazole and BEAM(TM) water solutions undergone to hydrolysis does not evidence new chromatographic peaks with respect to the not treated solutions. On the contrary, analysis of the same samples subjected to sunlight irradiation shows a decreased intensity of tricyclazole signal and the presence of new chromatographic peaks. Two photodegradation products of tricyclazole have been identified, one of which has been also quantified, being the commercial standard available. The pattern is similar for the solutions of the standard fungicide and of the BEAM(TM) formulation. The results obtained from eco-toxicological tests show that toxicity of tricyclazole standard solutions is greater than that of the irradiated ones, whereas toxicity levels of all the BEAM(TM) solutions investigated (non-irradiated, irradiated, and hydrolyzed) are comparable and lower than those shown by tricyclazole standard solutions. Experiments performed in paddy water solution show that there is no difference in the degradation products formed.

Biodirected Identification of Untargeted Toxicants in Industrial Wastewater Guides the Upgrading of Water Treatments

“…These 13 TPs generally exhibited a toxicity proportion that was no more than one-fifth of that of their parent structures, evaluated by the 48 h EC 50 from ECOSAR. However, 2-amino-4-methylbenzothiazole, as a major TP of tricyclazole through triazole ring cleavage during biodegradation and photodegradation, showed a toxicity proportion that was greater than that of its parent structure and, thus, needs further confirmation.…”

Monitoring of water quality inflow and outflow of a farm in Italian Padana plain for rice cultivation: a case study of two years

“…Recent studies pointed out that the problem is more complex than thought, in fact also the class of "emerging contaminants" which are able to alter environmental ecosystems must be considered. In particular, there is a growing interest in contaminants transformation products, since they could be more toxic and/or persistent than their precursors (Gosetti et al 2010a(Gosetti et al , 2010b(Gosetti et al , 2015(Gosetti et al , 2018.…”

“…Literature studies deal with the monitoring of nutrients or selected pesticides in paddy fields and their spread in the surrounding environment (Gosetti et al 2015, Moore et al 2018), but often the transformation products of the investigated pesticides are not considered. Some studies concern the environmental loading in areas where rice paddies are predominant (Kawara et al 1996, Zhou et al 2003 or the reclaimed wastewater for the irrigation in paddy fields (Jang et al 2008, Jang et al 2010b, Jang et al 2012, Kang et al 2007, whereas other studies report the use of rice paddy mesocosms as filter systems for remediation purposes (Kang et al 2006, Moore et al 2018).…”

Photodegradation of cyprodinil under UV–visible irradiation – chemical and toxicological approaches

“…stated that analytical trends are no longer limited to the quantitation of listed contaminants, but also involve identification of by‐products generated by water treatment processes . Several studies have established that some persistent transformation products (TPs) could prove to be more toxic than the parent molecules . These new contaminants are released into the environment, and their stability and persistency point to their potential as environmental contaminants.…”

“…[9] Several studies have established that some persistent transformation products (TPs) could prove to be more toxic than the parent molecules. [10][11][12][13][14][15] These new contaminants are released into the environment, and their stability and persistency point to their potential as environmental contaminants. UV photolysis processes are commonly used as an alternative to chlorine disinfection.…”