Ultra-high performance wearable thermoelectric coolers with less materials

Kishore, Ravi Anant; Nozariasbmarz, Amin; Poudel, Bed; Sanghadasa, Mohan; Priya, Shashank

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09707-8

Cited by 222 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Better TE properties above room temperature make this material suitable for low-grade waste heat recovery application, such as energy harvesting from hot-water pipes ( Kishore et al., 2020 ). Type (I)-p with higher (zT) peak and lower thermal conductivity at room temperature is appropriate for specific applications that involve high heat sink/source contact resistance such as body heat harvesting ( Nozariasbmarz et al., 2019a ; 2020a , 2020b ; Suarez et al., 2016 ) and body cooling ( Kishore et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Telluride Thermoelectrics with 8% Module Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery Application

Nozariasbmarz

Poudel

et al. 2020

iScience

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Summary Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer cost-effective and sustainable solid-state energy conversion mechanism from wasted heat into useful electrical power. Thermoelectric (TE) materials based upon bismuth telluride (BiTe) systems are widely utilized in applications ranging from energy generation to sensing to cooling. There is demand for BiTe materials with high figure of merit (zT) and TEG modules with high conversion efficiency over intermediate temperatures (25°C–250°C). Here we provide fundamental breakthrough in design of BiTe-based TE materials and utilize them to demonstrate modules with outstanding conversion efficiency of 8%, which is 40% higher compared with state-of-the-art commercial modules. The average zT of 1.08 for p-type and 0.84 for n-type bismuth telluride alloys is obtained between 25 and 250°C. The significant enhancement in zT is achieved through compositional and defect engineering in both p- and n-type materials. The high conversion efficiency accelerates the transition of TEGs for waste heat recovery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Telluride Thermoelectrics with 8% Module Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery Application

Nozariasbmarz

Poudel

et al. 2020

iScience

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“…Therefore, they are not perceived as wearable devices except for applications on small‐area cooling, such as some commercial products including Embr wave TE wristband, Wristify TE bracelet, Flowtherm TE vest, ClimaWare TE jacket, and USB Forehead Neck cooler. [ 47 ] It is noted that the cooling area for these applications is limited. For real wearable applications, flexible TEDs are desired since they can enhance the wearing comfort and also achieve efficient contact with human body to maximize the personal heating/cooling and body heat harvesting.…”

Section: Advanced Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychologists prefer statistical votes in different scales via questionnaire to evaluate the thermal comfort, such as thermal comfort vote, thermal sensation vote, thermoreception vote, thermal preference vote, etc. [5,11,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] The most widely adopted measurement of thermal comfort is the seven-point scale of thermal sensation proposed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), in which the neutral sensation is regarded as the comfort status at different thermal environments. [52] Thermal sensation relates to not only the existence of cold or hot stimuli from the environment, but also the lasting time of the stimuli and the individual's original physiological and psychological states.…”

Section: Basic Concept Of Thermal Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Liu

Shin

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

413

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us warm in cold climates and shielded us from the nakedness for modesty and civilization. [1,2] Cloth is also a platform for artists, designers, and tailors to advance the clothing demands with emerging materials, process, and fashion. [2] While the majority of the functionalities of clothes lie in their physical attributes, such as their softness, breathability, air/ vapor permeability, and, of course the appearance, their role in thermal management is equally, if not more, important. The primary goal of clothing is to satisfy human being's basic needs in thermal comfort, by providing cooling in the hot environment or heating in the cold environment. [1] The energy management aspect of clothing is becoming an increasingly important and attractive aspect due to our increasing awareness to energy consumption and our persisting pursuit of comfort and health. The finite availability and the associated environmental consequence of fossil fuels have motivated us to save energy from virtually all aspects of our daily lives. A suitable thermal envelop is a necessity for our living and working. To create a comfortable indoor environment, the building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used for space cooling and heating at the expense of excessive energy consumption. [3][4][5][6] According to United States In this decade, the demands of energy saving and diverse personal thermoregulation requirements along with the emergence of wearable electronics and smart textiles give rise to the resurgence of personal thermal management (PTM) technologies. PTM, including personal cooling, heating, insulation, and thermoregulation, are far more flexible and extensive than the traditional air/liquid cooling garments for the human body. Concomitantly, many new advanced materials and strategies have emerged in this decade, promoting the thermoregulation performance and the wearing comfort of PTM simultaneously. In this review, an overview is presented of the state-ofthe-art and the prospects in this burgeoning field. The emerging materials and strategies of PTM are introduced, and classed by their thermal functions. The concept of infrared-transparent visible-opaque fabric (ITVOF) is first highlighted, as it triggers the work on advanced PTM by combining it with radiative cooling, and the corresponding implementations and realizations are subsequently introduced, followed by wearable heaters, flexible thermoelectric devices, and sweat-management Janus textiles. Finally, critical considerations on the challenges and opportunities of PTM are presented and future directions are identified, including thermally conductive polymers and fibers, physiological/psychological statistical analysis, and smart PTM strategies.

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“…The sustainability of this type of active management is higher compared with those of other types, although the efficiency of TECs is lower 3,12 . Furthermore, the flow of heat will eventually tolerate the flow of current 16,17 . The current examples of active thermal management available in the market showed in Figure 2.…”

Section: Thermal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of thermal interface material fabrication method toward enhancing heat dissipation

et al. 2020

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Summary Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are applied in electronic devices that are involved in heat generation and raising the temperature. The optimization of TIMs is important in heat dissipation to maintain the good performance of devices, low power during operation, and reduced internal damages among small components. The TIMs are inserted between two contact surfaces to enhance thermal conductivity that will reduce the increment of surface temperature in a longer time and facilitates the cooling process with a consistent power supplied to the system with minimum increment. Research on nanomaterials and hybrid materials aims to obtain maximum thermal conductivity and reduce resistance in the devices. However, the suitable fabrication method for achieving good production and performance is still debatable. Therefore, significant fabrication methods have been explored for various materials. This review provides insights into the current work focusing on the materials used in the development of TIMs by various methods. The discussion begins with the introduction of thermal management and the working principles applied in the system. Then, the methods applied for material fabrication into TIMs, including the advantages and disadvantages of the methods, are discussed. Last, the current challenges and opportunities in methods used are discussed to offer new inputs and improvement in method modification for TIMs design. The targeted thermal performance for the industrial market of TIMs for nanomaterial applications is approximately 100 W/mK and 1 × 10−6 m2/WK with lowest power of 100 W.

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Ultra-high performance wearable thermoelectric coolers with less materials

Cited by 222 publications

References 50 publications

Bismuth Telluride Thermoelectrics with 8% Module Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery Application

Bismuth Telluride Thermoelectrics with 8% Module Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery Application

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

A review of thermal interface material fabrication method toward enhancing heat dissipation

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