Ultra-high-Q nanomechanical resonators for force sensing

Eichler, Alexander

doi:10.1088/2633-4356/acaba4

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…This makes centimeter-scale nanoresonators particularly promising for the cavity-free cooling scheme 63 . The developed resonators are also ideal candidates for creating high-precision sensors, specifically force detectors 18 , and hold promise for obtaining frequency stability in pairs with state-of-the-art clocks 64 – 66 . Conservatively assuming sub-micrometers amplitude displacements in the linear regime, we can extrapolate a thermomechanical limited Allan deviation 65 for m eff = 4.96 × 10 −13 kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Q factor measures both radiated acoustic energy and infiltrating thermomechanical noise, with a high Q pivotal in preserving resonator coherence. This is crucial, particularly at room temperature, for observing quantum phenomena 11 , 12 , advancing quantum technology 13 , and maximizing sensitivity for detecting changes in mass 14 – 16 , force 17 , 18 , and displacement 1 . High Q is often achieved through “dissipation dilution”, a phenomenon originating from the synergistic effects of large tensile stress and high-aspect-ratio, observed both in resonators with macroscopic lengths on the order of centimeters and above 2 , 19 and resonators with nanometers thicknesses 20 – 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Centimeter-scale nanomechanical resonators with low dissipation

Cupertino,

Shin,

Guo

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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High-aspect-ratio mechanical resonators are pivotal in precision sensing, from macroscopic gravitational wave detectors to nanoscale acoustics. However, fabrication challenges and high computational costs have limited the length-to-thickness ratio of these devices, leaving a largely unexplored regime in nano-engineering. We present nanomechanical resonators that extend centimeters in length yet retain nanometer thickness. We explore this expanded design space using an optimization approach which judiciously employs fast millimeter-scale simulations to steer the more computationally intensive centimeter-scale design optimization. By employing delicate nanofabrication techniques, our approach ensures high-yield realization, experimentally confirming room-temperature quality factors close to theoretical predictions. The synergy between nanofabrication, design optimization guided by machine learning, and precision engineering opens a solid-state path to room-temperature quality factors approaching 10 billion at kilohertz mechanical frequencies – comparable to the performance of leading cryogenic resonators and levitated nanospheres, even under significantly less stringent temperature and vacuum conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centimeter-scale nanomechanical resonators with low dissipation

Cupertino,

Shin,

Guo

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, strings or membranes made from e.g. strained nitride have higher m and ω 0 but can possess enormously high Q [228,235]. NV-based NanoMRI, by contrast, is limited by optical shot noise as well as the spin coherence time; A microstrip serves as an antenna that generates radio-frequency pulses for NMR spin inversion [226].…”

Section: Future Advances Of the Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

2024 roadmap on magnetic microscopy techniques and their applications in materials science

Christensen,

Staub,

Devidas

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Mater.

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Considering the growing interest in magnetic materials for unconventional computing, data storage, and sensor applications, there is active research not only on material synthesis but also characterisation of their properties. In addition to structural and integral magnetic characterisations, imaging of magnetization patterns, current distributions and magnetic fields at nano- and microscale is of major importance to understand the material responses and qualify them for specific applications. In this roadmap, we aim to cover a broad portfolio of techniques to perform nano- and microscale magnetic imaging using SQUIDs, spin center and Hall effect magnetometries, scanning probe microscopies, x-ray- and electron-based methods as well as magnetooptics and nanoMRI. The roadmap is aimed as a single access point of information for experts in the field as well as the young generation of students outlining prospects of the development of magnetic imaging technologies for the upcoming decade with a focus on physics, materials science, and chemistry of planar, 3D and geometrically curved objects of different material classes including 2D materials, complex oxides, semi-metals, multiferroics, skyrmions, antiferromagnets, frustrated magnets, magnetic molecules/nanoparticles, ionic conductors, superconductors, spintronic and spinorbitronic materials.

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“…Nanomechanical resonators emerged as sensitive probes for minuscule forces [1][2][3] and atomic-scale masses [4][5][6][7][8]. By incorporating two-dimensional (2D) materials into nanomechanical resonators, the miniaturization of these devices has been pushed to the ultimate limit of atomic thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical absorption spectroscopy of 2D materials with femtowatt sensitivity

Kirchhof

Yagodkin

et al. 2023

2D Mater.

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Nanomechanical spectroscopy (NMS) is a recently developed approach to determine optical absorption spectra of nanoscale materials via mechanical measurements. It is based on measuring changes in the resonance frequency of a membrane resonator vs. the photon energy of incoming light. This method is a direct measurement of absorption, which has practical advantages compared to common optical spectroscopy approaches. In the case of two-dimensional (2D) materials, NMS overcomes limitations inherent to conventional optical methods, such as the complications associated with measurements at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. In this work, we develop a protocol for NMS of 2D materials that yields two orders of magnitude improved sensitivity compared to previous approaches, while being simpler to use. To this end, we use electrical sample actuation, which simplifies the experiment and provides a reliable calibration for greater accuracy. Additionally, the use of low-stress silicon nitride membranes as our substrate reduces the noise-equivalent power to NEP = 890 fW/√Hz, comparable to commercial semiconductor photodetectors. We use our approach to spectroscopically characterize a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (WS2), a layered magnetic semiconductor (CrPS4), and a plasmonic supercrystal consisting of gold nanoparticles.

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Ultra-high-Q nanomechanical resonators for force sensing

Cited by 10 publications

References 110 publications

Centimeter-scale nanomechanical resonators with low dissipation

Centimeter-scale nanomechanical resonators with low dissipation

2024 roadmap on magnetic microscopy techniques and their applications in materials science

Nanomechanical absorption spectroscopy of 2D materials with femtowatt sensitivity

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