“…To date, MOE for ironmaking is a laboratory-proven extraction technology (Fig. 1 ) 12 , 15 , 16 , and is foreseen as scalable considering its analogies with molten salt electrolysis, which is used to produce several millions of tonnes of metals such as Al 17 , 18 , Mg 19 , 20 , Li 21 , 22 , Mn 23 , 24 and rare earth metals 25 – 28 . Figure 1 Illustration of the direct electrochemical conversion of a metal oxide (ore) to liquid metal and oxygen gas using electrolysis, which requires two-electrodes (a cathode and an anode) and an electrolyte.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date, MOE for ironmaking is a laboratory-proven extraction technology ( Fig. 1) 12,15,16 , and is foreseen as scalable considering its analogies with molten salt electrolysis, which is used to produce several millions of tonnes of metals such as Al 17,18 , Mg 19,20 , Li 21,22 , Mn 23,24 and rare earth metals [25][26][27][28] .…”
Chromium–iron (CrFe) binary alloys have recently been proposed to serve as the “inert” anode for molten oxide electrolysis (MOE). Herein, the effects of anodic polarization on physical and functional properties of CrFe anodes in the corrosive environment of MOE are studied via empirical observations and theoretical calculations. The findings indicate that the alloys form an inner chromia–alumina solid-solution covered by an MgCr2O4 spinel layer. A survey into the electrical properties of the detected oxides suggests that the layered oxide scale function as an efficient conductor of electricity at elevated temperature. The formation mechanism of the oxides is also investigated.
“…To date, MOE for ironmaking is a laboratory-proven extraction technology (Fig. 1 ) 12 , 15 , 16 , and is foreseen as scalable considering its analogies with molten salt electrolysis, which is used to produce several millions of tonnes of metals such as Al 17 , 18 , Mg 19 , 20 , Li 21 , 22 , Mn 23 , 24 and rare earth metals 25 – 28 . Figure 1 Illustration of the direct electrochemical conversion of a metal oxide (ore) to liquid metal and oxygen gas using electrolysis, which requires two-electrodes (a cathode and an anode) and an electrolyte.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date, MOE for ironmaking is a laboratory-proven extraction technology ( Fig. 1) 12,15,16 , and is foreseen as scalable considering its analogies with molten salt electrolysis, which is used to produce several millions of tonnes of metals such as Al 17,18 , Mg 19,20 , Li 21,22 , Mn 23,24 and rare earth metals [25][26][27][28] .…”
Chromium–iron (CrFe) binary alloys have recently been proposed to serve as the “inert” anode for molten oxide electrolysis (MOE). Herein, the effects of anodic polarization on physical and functional properties of CrFe anodes in the corrosive environment of MOE are studied via empirical observations and theoretical calculations. The findings indicate that the alloys form an inner chromia–alumina solid-solution covered by an MgCr2O4 spinel layer. A survey into the electrical properties of the detected oxides suggests that the layered oxide scale function as an efficient conductor of electricity at elevated temperature. The formation mechanism of the oxides is also investigated.
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