Ultra high transmission capacity based on optical first order soliton propagation systems

High sensitivity sapphire FBG temperature sensors for the signal processing of data communications technology

“…It provides excellent temperature profile also at low temperatures given radiation resistant [16]. Sapphire FBG is used as a temperature sensors up to 1600 0 C [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The Bragg wavelength with the grating period and effective fiber index is [7,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Temperature and strain induced Bragg wavelength shifted shown as [15,[34][35][36][37][38]:…”

Hybrid NRZ/RZ line coding scheme based hybrid FSO/FO dual channel communication systems

“…In communication systems, the input electrical signals which carry the information to be transmitted are first converted into optical signals by modulating the optical source output through one of two mechanisms; by varying the drive current of source or by varying the light intensity at the optical source output [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The optical fiber has low attenuation coefficient and large angle of light acceptance cone [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The optical signal is propagating via the optical fiber within optical wavelengths range through several ray paths [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Basic FBG apodization functions effects on the filtered optical acoustic signal

“…Optical communication system should satisfy the following basic specifications such as determination of transmission type (analog/digital); achieving the system fidelity (higher SNR/lower BER); larger transmission bandwidth (BW); longer repeater spacing (span); less cost of system installation; reliability (error-free transmission); less cost of system maintenance; and less of complexity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. While selecting a photodetector, the following factors are considered such as minimum optical power that must fall on photodiode to satisfy BER at specified data rate; less complexity of circuit; less cost of design; and less bias requirements [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”