Ultra-Ionization Potentials in Mercury Vapor

Shenstone, A. G.

doi:10.1103/physrev.38.873

Cited by 62 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These two electron excitations were measured as week absorption lines in the atomic spectra beyond the ionization potential (I.P.) for single electron excitations [21][22][23]. The optical absorption spectrum of Cd, measured by Foote et al in 1925 [21] is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Two Electron Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Majorana Theory of Atomic Autoionization to Feshbach Resonances in High Temperature Superconductors

Vittorini-Orgeas

Bianconi

2009

J Supercond Nov Magn

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The Ettore Majorana paper "Theory of incomplete P' triplets", published in 1931, focuses on the role of selection rules for the non-radiative decay of two electron excitations in atomic spectra, involving the configuration interaction between discrete and continuum channels. This work is a key step for understanding the 1935 work of Ugo Fano on the asymmetric lineshape of two electron excitations and the 1958 Herman Feshbach paper on the shape resonances in nuclear scattering arising from configuration interaction between many different scattering channels. The Feshbach resonances are today of high scientific interest in many different fields and in particular for ultracold gases and high T c superconductivity.

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Section: Two Electron Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Majorana Theory of Atomic Autoionization to Feshbach Resonances in High Temperature Superconductors

Vittorini-Orgeas

Bianconi

2009

J Supercond Nov Magn

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“…Observations and energy-level analysis of the spectrum of neutral copper published in 1926 were important for an independent recognition of autoionization phenomena in 1931. Improvements in analysis of complex atomic spectra initiated by the discovery of multiplets by Catalán ͑1922͒, together with Zeeman-effect observations for copper, allowed confident assignment of copper lines of very different widths to the same quadruplet multiplet ͑Beals, 1926; Shenstone, 1926;Sommer, 1926͒. The fact that the multiplets having this puzzling character involved upper terms lying above the principal ionization limit led Allen Shenstone to introduce ideas of autoionization in atomic spectra ͑Sec.…”

Section: A Observed Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloquium: Ettore Majorana and the birth of autoionization

2010

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In some of the first applications of modern quantum mechanics to the spectroscopy of many-electron atoms, Ettore Majorana in 1931 solved several outstanding problems by developing the theory of autoionization. Later literature makes only sporadic references to this accomplishment. After reviewing his work in its contemporary context, we describe subsequent developments in understanding the spectra treated by Majorana and extensions of his theory to other areas of physics. Several puzzles are found concerning the treatment of Majorana's work in the subsequent literature and the way in which the modern theory of autoionization was developed.

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“…conduits, en généralisant l'exemple du cuivre, à classer les états excités des métaux de transition en deux catégories : d'un côté les états « sous-excités » dont l'énergie est inférieure à l'énergie d'ionisation et qui ne jouent aucun rôle dans l'émission ionique, et de l'autre les états « surexcités » dont l'énergie est supérieure à l'énergie d'ionisation. De plus, l'étude des spectres optiques montre que les états surexcités se divisent eux-mêmes en deux catégories : les états surexcités radiatifs et les états surexcités qui conduisent à une ionisation de l'atome (ou états auto-ionisants) [17].…”

Section: 2 éTats Auto-ionisants -Nous Sommes Doncunclassified

“…RÉSULTATS. -Pour calculer explicitement la probabilité P(E,,,) de peuplement des états surexcités à partir de l'une ou l'autre des relations (17) et (17'), on est amené à utiliser l'hypothèse du paragraphe II . 2, à savoir que la densité d'états auto-ionisants g(E) est constante sur l'atome.…”

Section: Figunclassified

Processus de formation d'ions à partir d'atomes éjectés dans des états électroniques surexcités lors du bombardement ionique des métaux de transition

Blaise

Slodzian

1970

J. Phys. France

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associé au C.N.R.S., Bâtiment 2I0, Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, Essonne. (Reçu le 24 juillet 1969.) Résumé. 2014 On étudie le mécanisme d'ionisation des éléments de transition de la série 3d, bombardés par un faisceau d'ions A+ de quelques keV. La formation d'un ion positif résulte tout d'abord du peuplement statistique des états surexcités des atomes éjectés, par les électrons de conduction, puis d'une désexcitation Auger de ces atomes hors du métal (auto-ionisation). On construit les états surexcités à partir des niveaux 3d et 4s de l'atome, représentés dans un modèle à un électron. Pour que des états surexcités puissent être peuplés, il faut que le barycentre des niveaux d'énergie des électrons excités soit en dessous du niveau de Fermi du métal. Cette condition impose différents modes d'états surexcités, formés par 2 ou 3 électrons, qui nécessitent, dans tous les cas, la formation d'un trou sur la couche 3d. Le rendement ionique qui découle de ce processus est directement proportionnel à la probabilité de peuplement des états surexcités de chaque élément. Cette probabilité varie de 2,5 x 10-3 pour le cuivre à 1,3 x 10-2 pour le titane. Abstract. 2014 We have studied an ionization process taking place when solid targets, made of 3d transition elements, are sputtered by an argon ion beam of a few keV. Atoms are ejected in superexcited states which are statistically occupied by conduction electrons, then Auger radiationless transitions may occur (auto-ionization) and give rise to the production of positive ions. Superexcited states are obtained from the 3d and 4s atomic levels, in a one electron model. In order to allow for the occupation of superexcited states, the mean energy level of the excited electrons must lie under the Fermi level of the metal. This condition implies several types of superexcited states involving 2 or 3 electrons. Yet, in any case, the production of a hole on the 3d shell is always needed. As a result, this process leads to an ionic yield proportional to the occupation probability of the superexcited states of each element. This probability varies from 2.5 x 10-3 for copper to 1.3 10-2 for titanium.

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Ultra-Ionization Potentials in Mercury Vapor

Cited by 62 publications

References 5 publications

From Majorana Theory of Atomic Autoionization to Feshbach Resonances in High Temperature Superconductors

From Majorana Theory of Atomic Autoionization to Feshbach Resonances in High Temperature Superconductors

Colloquium: Ettore Majorana and the birth of autoionization

Processus de formation d'ions à partir d'atomes éjectés dans des états électroniques surexcités lors du bombardement ionique des métaux de transition

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