Ultra-low energy joining: An invisible strong bond at room temperature

Cold sintering of diatomaceous earth

“…[11][12][13][14][15] The first materials produced by CSP were mainly salts and soluble compounds, 3,16 although several activities have been then carried out on ferroelectrics, [16][17][18] piezoelectrics, 19 magnetic ceramics, 20 semiconductors, [21][22][23] transparent ceramics, 24 bioceramics, 14 and ionic conductors. [25][26][27] More recent works regard water-assisted cold processing of silicate ceramics including cold sintering of quartz, 28 soda-lime silicate glass, 15 and quartz-PTFE composite 29 or cold joining of silica 30 and cold isotactic pressing of glass monoliths. 31 Although CSP is inspired by phenomena taking place in nature (like the formation of sedimentary rocks 32 ), no research activities regarding the application of CSP on nonsynthetic industrial minerals have been reported to the best of the authors' knowledge.…”

“…The first materials produced by CSP were mainly salts and soluble compounds, 3,16 although several activities have been then carried out on ferroelectrics, 16–18 piezoelectrics, 19 magnetic ceramics, 20 semiconductors, 21–23 transparent ceramics, 24 bioceramics, 14 and ionic conductors 25–27 . More recent works regard water‐assisted cold processing of silicate ceramics including cold sintering of quartz, 28 soda‐lime silicate glass, 15 and quartz‐PTFE composite 29 or cold joining of silica 30 and cold isotactic pressing of glass monoliths 31 …”