Ultra-Low Power Receivers for IoT Applications: A Review

Wcntzloff, David D.; Alghaihab, Abdullah; Im, Jaeho

doi:10.1109/cicc48029.2020.9075938

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, such improvement comes at the cost of power and area due to multiple receiver paths and DSP blocks. Implementing the DSP in an advanced CMOS process with optimal number of bits and FFT points [2], [8] and using low-power receivers [14] would lower the power consumption significantly. On-chip power splitters and oscillator pulling [15] might provide a challenge that should be further explored for realizing single chip implementation of multi-receiver XC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Receiver Cross-Correlation Technique for (B)FSK Radios

Purushothaman

Mikhael²,

Alink

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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This article presents a multi-receiver cross-correlation technique for (B)FSK receivers, targeting wireless sensor network applications. Here, multiple receiver outputs are pair-wise cross-correlated and the correlated output samples are averaged to lower the noise floor at the receiver output. Compared to a two-receiver cross-correlation, multi-receiver cross-correlation generates more cross-correlated output samples in a given time. Hence it requires a shorter measurement time for a desired noise floor reduction and facilitates a higher data rate for (B)FSK operation. Compared to a single receiver, it improves the linearity and the harmonic interferer tolerance using passive splitters and different LO frequencies in the receiver paths respectively. These theoretical insights are verified with measurements for the first time using a 2and 3-receiver cross-correlation in a BFSK receiver. Operating at 1 GHz and with a data rate of 200 kbps, the demonstrator, using sub-mW mixer-first receiver front-ends for power efficiency, achieves −102 dBm sensitivity and > 40 dB rejection for both narrow and wideband harmonic interferers without any RF filters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Receiver Cross-Correlation Technique for (B)FSK Radios

Purushothaman

Mikhael²,

Alink

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…Contrary to commercial transceivers with integrated RF circuits, the RF front-end and the low-noise preamplifier in our setup are off-the-shelf components that are not optimized for low-power operation. The Myriad RF board has a typical power consumption of 725 mW in Rx [22], whereas recent integrated LPWAN transceivers feature power budgets in the 1-10 mW range [9]. Since this work focuses only on the digital signal processing, and not on the RF front-ends that often dominate the power budgets, we ignore the nonoptimized low-noise preamplifier and RF front-end from the power measurements and include only the DFE and DBB.…”

Section: B Minimum Cpu Frequency and Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, the main challenge of SDRs for IIoT sensors is to execute the DBB processing in software with a power consumption that fits in the 1-10 mW budget of LPWAN transceivers [9]. Three different approaches have been identified in the literature to tackle this challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sub-mW Cortex-M4 Microcontroller Design for IoT Software-Defined Radios

Xhonneux

Louveaux

Bol

2023

IEEE Open J. Circuits Syst.

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We present an Internet-of-Things (IoT) software-defined radio platform based on an ultra lowpower microcontroller. Whereas conventional wireless IoT radios often implement a single protocol, we demonstrate that general-purpose microcontrollers running software implementations of wireless physical layers are a promising solution to increase interoperability of IoT devices. Yet, since IoT devices are often energy-constrained, the underlying challenge is to implement the digital signal processing of the radio in software while maintaining an overall very low power consumption. To overcome this problem, we propose an ultra low-power microcontroller architecture with an ARM Cortex-M4 processor for the protocol-specific computations and a hardware digital front-end for the generic signal processing. The proposed architecture has been prototyped in 28nm FDSOI and the physical layers of the well-known LoRa and Sigfox protocols have been implemented in software. Thanks to the efficient hardware/software partitioning and an ultralow power digital implementation, experimental evaluations of the microcontroller prototype show sub-mW power consumptions (32 -332 µW) for the digital signal processing of the software-defined radios.INDEX TERMS Internet of Things, Wireless communications, Microcontrollers, Low-power wide area networks, Reconfigurable devices, Software defined radio.

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“…If a design can suffice without the reconfigurability, low non-recurring engineering costs, and shorter development times offered by FPGAs, then a custom ASIC may prove to be to a better alternative. For more information on ASICs in IoT networks, we encourage the reader to refer to references [ 92 , 93 , 94 ].…”

Section: Mid-range Iot Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of State-of-the-Art FPGA Applications in IoT Networks

Magyari

Chen

2022

Sensors

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Modern networks used for integrating custom Internet of Things (IoT) systems and devices have restrictions and requirements unique to their individual applications. These application specific demands require custom designed hardware to maximize throughput, security and data integrity whilst minimizing latency, power consumption, and form factor. Within this paper, we describe current, state-of-the-art works that utilize FPGAs for IoT network developments. We analyze two categories of works: those that prioritize reducing power consumption, and those that prioritize networking features. Further, we describe how future works can improve upon these designs and therefore improve the efficiency of resource-constrained IoT networks.

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Ultra-Low Power Receivers for IoT Applications: A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Multi-Receiver Cross-Correlation Technique for (B)FSK Radios

Multi-Receiver Cross-Correlation Technique for (B)FSK Radios

A Sub-mW Cortex-M4 Microcontroller Design for IoT Software-Defined Radios

Review of State-of-the-Art FPGA Applications in IoT Networks

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