Ultra Low Power Wake-Up Radios: A Hardware and Networking Survey

Piyare, Rajeev; Murphy, Amy L.; Király, Csaba; Tosato, Pietro; Brunelli, Davide

doi:10.1109/comst.2017.2728092

Cited by 227 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…In this section we provide a thorough review of the state of the art on WuR systems. Most wake-up communication solutions focus on the use of radio frequency (RF) signals [3], although there are solutions built on acoustic [4] and Infra Red (IR) [5] technologies. WuR can be classified as active or passive based on whether they require an attached power source, addressable or non-addressable based on whether a specific node or group of nodes can be specified in the WuC, and configurable or non-configurable based on whether the WuRx settings can be modified, e.g., its address or the communication settings.…”

Section: Wake-up Radio Systems So Farmentioning

confidence: 99%

IEEE 802.11-Enabled Wake-Up Radio: Use Cases and Applications

López-Aguilera

Demirkol

García-Villegas

et al. 2019

Sensors

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IEEE 802.11 is one of the most commonly used radio access technologies, being present in almost all handheld devices with networking capabilities. However, its energy-hungry communication modes are a challenge for the increased battery lifetime of such devices and are an obstacle for its use in battery-constrained devices such as the ones defined by many Internet of Things applications. Wake-up Radio (WuR) systems have appeared as a solution for increasing the energy efficiency of communication technologies by employing a secondary low-power radio interface, which is always in the active state and switches the primary transceiver (used for main data communication) from the energy-saving to the active operation mode. The high market penetration of IEEE 802.11 technology, together with the benefits that WuR systems can bring to this widespread technology, motivates this article’s focus on IEEE 802.11-based WuR solutions. More specifically, we elaborate on the feasibility of such IEEE 802.11-based WuR solutions, and introduce the latest standardization efforts in this IEEE 802.11-based WuR domain, IEEE 802.11ba, which is a forthcoming IEEE 802.11 amendment, discussing its main features and potential use cases. As a use case consisting of green Wi-Fi application, we provide a proof-of-concept smart plug system implemented by a WuR that is activated remotely using IEEE 802.11 devices, evaluate its monetary and energy savings, and compare it with commercially available smart plug solutions. Finally, we discuss novel applications beyond the wake-up functionality that IEEE 802.11-enabled WuR devices can offer using a secondary radio, as well as applications that have not yet been considered by IEEE 802.11ba. As a result, we argue that the IEEE 802.11-based WuR solution will support a wide range of devices and deployments, for both low-rate and low-power communications, as well as high-rate transmissions.

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Section: Wake-up Radio Systems So Farmentioning

confidence: 99%

IEEE 802.11-Enabled Wake-Up Radio: Use Cases and Applications

López-Aguilera

Demirkol

García-Villegas

et al. 2019

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The number of MAC protocols for WuR is growing in the literature. Two comprehensive surveys on the state-ofthe-art WuR hardware, networking and MAC protocols were presented in [15] [16]. In brief, existing work falls into three main categories: 1) WuR circuit design; 2) WuR protocol design; and 3) performance evaluation of WuR.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAC Protocols for Wake-Up Radio: Principles, Modeling and Performance Analysis

Ghose

Pla

2018

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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In wake-up radio (WuR) enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a node triggers a data communication at any time instant by sending a wake-up call (WuC) in an ondemand manner. Such wake-up operations eliminate idle listening and overhearing burden for energy consumption in duty-cycled WSNs. Although WuR exhibits its superiority for light traffic, it is inefficient to handle high traffic load in a network. This paper makes an effort towards improving the performance of WuR under diverse load conditions with a twofold contribution. We first propose three protocols that support variable traffic loads by enabling respectively clear channel assessment (CCA), backoff plus CCA, and adaptive WuC transmissions. These protocols provide various options for achieving reliable data transmission, low latency, and energy efficiency for ultra-low power consumption applications. Then, we develop an analytical framework based on an M/G/1/2 queue to evaluate the performance of these WuR protocols. Discrete-event simulations validate the accuracy of the analytical models.

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“…The authors used active filtering for the signal, which decreases energy efficiency of this solution. Several MAC protocols based on WUR usage have been proposed to overcome the energy efficiency challenge [4], [5]. One of them is solution proposed in [12] where authors presented a topology design where all sensors are within range of each other.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To mitigate against this energy and latency trade-off, a wake-up radio (WUR) [4], [5] provides a solution, as this is an on-demand approach where the node is woken up by the wakeup signal (WUS). A WUS triggers a node to wake up from the sleep mode to start reception/transmission activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency evaluation of wake-up radio based MAC protocol for wireless body area networks

Hussain

Karvonen

Iinatti

2017

2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB)

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Abstract-In this paper, a generic wake-up radio (WUR) based medium access control (MAC) protocol (GWR-MAC) has been evaluated from the energy consumption point of view. GWR-MAC protocol's goal is to achieve energy efficiency by avoiding idle listening since the sensor nodes are awakened only when there is a need for communication. A successful wake-up signal (WUS) transmission and reception is needed to awaken the WUR enabled node(s) from the sleep mode which must be taken into account in the energy consumption evaluation. Success of wake-up process depends on the physical layer detection of the signal, and also on the collision probability of the wake-up signals if there can be multiple nodes that are transmitting the WUS approximately at the same time. The success probability of GWR-MAC wake-up process is analyzed in this work taking into account physical and MAC layer aspects when assuming that wake-up signals are transmitted using Aloha channel access method. WUS success probability derivation is incorporated to energy consumption model and results are obtained to compare the total energy consumption of WUR based network and duty -cycling based network. The results show that the WUR based networks can improve energy efficiency in comparison to conventional duty cycling approach when taking into account also the error probability of the wakeup process. Results show also that in which conditions the duty-cycling approach should be preferred instead of WUR approach Keywords-wake-up receiver, medium access control, WBAN, wireless sensor network, energy consumption.

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Ultra Low Power Wake-Up Radios: A Hardware and Networking Survey

Cited by 227 publications

References 165 publications

IEEE 802.11-Enabled Wake-Up Radio: Use Cases and Applications

IEEE 802.11-Enabled Wake-Up Radio: Use Cases and Applications

MAC Protocols for Wake-Up Radio: Principles, Modeling and Performance Analysis

Energy efficiency evaluation of wake-up radio based MAC protocol for wireless body area networks

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