Ultra-low V
               <sub>pp</sub> and high-modulation-depth InP-based electro–optic microring modulator

Da-peng, Liu; Tang, Jian; Meng, Yahui; Li, Wei; Zhu, Na; Li, Ming

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/8/082301

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There are many kinds of materials for electro-optic modulators, such as III-V semiconductor (electrical absorption materials, e.g., GaAs, InP) [ 7 ], lithium niobite [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], 2D materials [ 11 ], and organic electro-optic (OEO) materials [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Among them, only lithium niobate and organic EO polymer are based on the Pockels effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Study on Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Improved Electro-Optic Activity by Introducing 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Derivative Isolation Groups into the Bridge

Liu

Huo

et al. 2023

Molecules

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A series of novel chromophores A, B, C, and D, based on the julolidinyl donor and the tricyanofuran (TCF) and CF3-tricyanofuran (CF3-Ph-TCF) acceptors, have been synthesized and systematically investigated. The 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivative isolation group was introduced into the bridge in the chromophores C and D. These nonlinear optical chromophores showed good thermal stability, and their decomposition temperatures were all above 220 °C. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the energy gaps and first-order hyperpolarizability (β). The macroscopic electro-optic (EO) activity was measured using a simple reflection method. The highest EO coefficient of poled films containing 35 wt% of chromophore D doped in amorphous polycarbonate afforded values of 54 pm/V at 1310 nm. The results indicate that the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene isolation group can suppress the dipole–dipole interaction of chromophores. The moderate r33 value, good thermal stability, and good yield of chromophores suggest their potential use in the nonlinear optical area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Study on Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Improved Electro-Optic Activity by Introducing 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Derivative Isolation Groups into the Bridge

Liu

Huo

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…Currently used materials for modulators include thermooptic materials [13] , III-V semiconductor (electrical absorption materials, e.g., GaAs, InP) [14] , inorganic crystal materials (lithium niobite) [15] , liquid crystals (LC) and organic electro-optic (OEO) materials. The process of refractive index change for thermo-optic materials and LCs is relatively slow and they cannot be used in high-speed EO modulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic electro-optic polymer materials and organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators

Wang¹,

Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

J. Semicond.

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High performance electro-optic modulator, as the key device of integrated ultra-wideband optical systems, have become the focus of research. Meanwhile, the organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators, which make full use of the advantages of organic electro-optic (OEO) materials (e.g. high electro-optic coefficient, fast response speed, high bandwidth, easy processing/integration and low cost) have attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we introduce a series of high-performance OEO materials that exhibit good properties in electro-optic activity and thermal stability. In addition, the recent progress of organic-based hybrid electro-optic devices is reviewed, including photonic crystal-organic hybrid (PCOH), silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators. A high-performance integrated optical platform based on OEO materials is a promising solution for growing high speeds and low power consumption in compact sizes.

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“…Lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) single crystals have been recognized as the most mature material for electro-optic modulators thanks to their Pockels effect [1] . Compared with modulators based on the carrier effect or microring structuressuch as direct modulation lasers [2,3] , InP modulators [4] , and silicon-based modulators [5] , broadband LiNbO 3 Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators with the advantages of broad bandwidth, high extinction ratio, very low chirp, and high stability [6] have been widely used in optical communication backbone transmission networks, high-performance broadband optical links, and radio-frequency (RF) photonics, and have attracted considerable attention in the last century. However, the incompatibility between the LiNbO 3 chip fabrication process and the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process has brought significant obstacles in hybrid integration research based on LiNbO 3 modulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical transmitter module with hybrid integration of DFB laser diode and proton-exchanged LiNbO₃ modulator chip

Wang¹,

He²,

Li³

et al. 2022

J. Semicond.

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In this work, a hybrid integrated optical transmitter module was designed and fabricated. A proton-exchanged Mach–Zehnder lithium niobate (LiNbO3) modulator chip was chosen to enhance the output extinction ratio. A fiber was used to adjust the rotation of the polarization direction caused by the optical isolator. The whole optical path structure, including the laser chip, lens, fiber, and modulator chip, was simulated to achieve high optical output efficiency. After a series of process improvements, a module with an output extinction ratio of 34 dB and a bandwidth of 20.5 GHz (from 2 GHz) was obtained. The optical output efficiency of the whole module reached approximately 21%. The link performance of the module was also measured.

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Ultra-low V _pp and high-modulation-depth InP-based electro–optic microring modulator

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Systematic Study on Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Improved Electro-Optic Activity by Introducing 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Derivative Isolation Groups into the Bridge

Systematic Study on Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Improved Electro-Optic Activity by Introducing 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Derivative Isolation Groups into the Bridge

Organic electro-optic polymer materials and organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators

Optical transmitter module with hybrid integration of DFB laser diode and proton-exchanged LiNbO₃ modulator chip

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Ultra-low V pp and high-modulation-depth InP-based electro–optic microring modulator

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Systematic Study on Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Improved Electro-Optic Activity by Introducing 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Derivative Isolation Groups into the Bridge

Systematic Study on Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Improved Electro-Optic Activity by Introducing 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Derivative Isolation Groups into the Bridge

Organic electro-optic polymer materials and organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators

Optical transmitter module with hybrid integration of DFB laser diode and proton-exchanged LiNbO3 modulator chip

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ultra-low V _pp and high-modulation-depth InP-based electro–optic microring modulator

Optical transmitter module with hybrid integration of DFB laser diode and proton-exchanged LiNbO₃ modulator chip