Ultra-Low Volume Application of Spinosad (Natular 2EC) Larvicide as a Residual in a Tropical Environment Against Aedes and Anopheles Species

Abstract

We investigated the efficacy of a liquid larvicide, Natular 2ECt (spinosad), applied with ultra-low volume sprayer as a residual application during the dry season in southeastern Thailand against 4 medically important species-Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles dirus, and An. minimus. We found that this larvicide could be applied as a residual to dry areas known to collect water and potentially still be effective after rains or irrigation, which could increase the flexibility and efficiency of an integrated vector management program targeting these species. This investigation also demonstrated, for the 1st time, efficacy of spinosad against An. minimus and An. dirus.

Efficacy of Spinosad Granules and Lambda-Cyhalothrin Contrasts with Reduced Performance of Temephos for Control of Aedes spp. in Vehicle Tires in Veracruz, Mexico

“…The larvicidal efficacy of suspension concentrate formulations of spinosad in natural and urban habitats, has been examined by the authors [25,26,27,41], and others [28,29]. The spinosad-based products in have also been tested in toxic baits and residual treatments for the control of adult mosquitoes [42,43]. Larval exposure to spinosad can have sublethal effects on the structure and function of the adult midgut and adult reproductive capacity [44,45].…”

Visualizing Efficacy of Pesticides Against Disease Vector Mosquitoes in the Field

“…For scenarios to investigate sprayed liquid larvicides, the protocol can be modified to place empty plastic disposable 1 qt cups to capture larvicide across sentinel locations. These cups can be later filled with water and mosquito larvae to measure efficacy of the application 7,23,24,25 . Use floor tiles with the sticky side up to keep cups in place in wind and keep lids nearby to rapidly cap and collect following the post-spray hold time.…”

Preparation of a long‐lasting tablet of spinosad microspheres and its residual insecticidal efficacy against the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

“…7 In recent years, SP has been proven to be effective in controlling mosquitoes, 8,9 hence the development and commercialization of liquid and solid formulations. 10,11 However, SP is vulnerable to the environmental factors that cause photolysis, hydrolysis and biodegradation. 12,13 With the application of SP in the field of vector control, solving the problem of degradation and short persistence of SP has become a need in research and development.…”

“…SP acts by disrupting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors primarily 6 and possesses a different mode‐of‐action from the majority of commercial macrolides 7 . In recent years, SP has been proven to be effective in controlling mosquitoes, 8,9 hence the development and commercialization of liquid and solid formulations 10,11 . However, SP is vulnerable to the environmental factors that cause photolysis, hydrolysis and biodegradation 12,13 .…”