Ultra-permeable CNTs/PES membranes with a very low CNTs content and high H2/N2 and CH4/N2 selectivity for clean energy extraction applications

A critical review on the practical use of lithium cycle as an upfront nitrogen removal technology from natural gas

“…Instead, it was more common to simply measure individual gas permeability through the membrane and use theoretically derived equations to calculate a hypothetical mixture. 60,61 The accuracy of these results is shaken by the deviancy of the experiments from realistic gas influents expected to be encountered in an LNG plant, and as previously stated, it is difficult to safely assume that individual gas molecules interact with solid phases the same way they would as a part of a mixture. This is proven by the work of Yanmei et al, 63 who compare such "ideal" calculated selectivities with experimental results from mixture feeds and notice the ideal ones to be noticeably larger.…”

“…Membrane technology is based on the rejection of certain components and permeation of others by semi-permeable "barriers" due to differences in molecular sizes of approaching gas components. While membranes are often traditionally made from polymers, 66 other options in recent literature look into other materials such as zeolites, 62,63 and increasingly, mixed matrix membranes, [59][60][61] which are synthetic membranes made from the combination of organic polymers with inorganic materials to enhance its performance and selectivity. Unlike adsorption, membrane technology does not require a regeneration step, making it more attractive economically, and more importantly, summarized reviewed research in Table 5 shows the membrane research to be more oriented toward the removal of nitrogen than adsorption literature.…”

“…Ideally, to get reliable results that could be made to argue in their favor, membranes would have to be experimentally tested with gaseous mixtures replicating compositions similar to those of the NG and then measuring the effluent concentration/composition to calculate the selectivity by the mol fractions method. Instead, it was more common to simply measure individual gas permeability through the membrane and use theoretically derived equations to calculate a hypothetical mixture 60,61 . The accuracy of these results is shaken by the deviancy of the experiments from realistic gas influents expected to be encountered in an LNG plant, and as previously stated, it is difficult to safely assume that individual gas molecules interact with solid phases the same way they would as a part of a mixture.…”

Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes in Nanocomposite Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation: A Review

“…Yousef et al [94] prepared PES/CNT membranes and recorded the separation performance of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 , and H 2 gases. These authors varied the CNT loading (0.01-0.03 wt.%), pressure (1-6 bar) and temperature (20,40, and 60 • C).…”

A highly efficient and stable solar energy-driven device using lignocellulosic biomass Juncus effusus for the recovery of ethanol–water mixture

“…S17a (ESI †) that the FTIR spectra of the CJE and PJE after 0, 5, 10, and 15 reuse cycles show a similar chemical structure. The apparent characteristic peaks at 1092 cm −1 and 1400 cm −1 were attributed to the stretching vibration of C-C or CvC, 78,79 and the peak at around 1513 cm −1 corresponds to the aromatic ring CvC. 49 The broad peaks in the range of 3000-3500 cm −1 indicated the stretching vibrations of -OH due to the cellulose porous materials or absorbed water from the environment.…”