Ultra‐Sensitive and Stable Multiplexed Biosensors Array in Fully Printed and Integrated Platforms for Reliable Perspiration Analysis

Abstract

Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as one of the promising tools for tracking human body physiological dynamics via non‐invasive perspiration analysis. However, it remains a key challenge to integrate multiplexed sensors in a highly controllable and reproducible manner to achieve long‐term reliable biosensing, especially on flexible platforms. Herein, we report the first time a fully inkjet printed and integrated multiplexed biosensing patch with remarkably high stability and sensitivity. These desirable characteristics are enabled by the unique interpenetrating interface design and precise control over active materials mass loading, owing to the optimized ink formulations and droplet‐assisted printing processes. The sensors deliver sensitivities of 313.28 µA mm −1 cm−2 for glucose and 0.87 µA mm −1 cm−2 for alcohol sensing with minimal drift over 30 hours, which are among the best in literature. The integrated patch can be used for reliable and wireless diet monitoring or medical intervention via epidermal analysis, and would inspire the advances of wearable devices for intelligent healthcare applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Advanced nanomaterials for electrochemical sensors: application in wearable tear glucose sensing technology

“…The most successful example is the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer, the first commercially available non-invasive ISF-based enzymatic Glu sensor approved by the U.S. FDA and launched by Cygnus in 2001. 12,13 The sensor can apply an electric current at rest through two electrodes worn on the epidermis to generate a stream of cations that flow to the negatively charged skin. This process generates an electroosmotic flow toward the cathode, resulting in the migration of neutral Glu molecules toward the same cathode electrode and the completion of the extraction.…”

“…11 To address these challenges, the CGM based on direct noninvasive access to the Glu signal in sweat and saliva is highly favored. 12–16 Compared to the ISF, the collection process of these body fluids is relatively simple and convenient and can be accomplished with no extra equipment. 9,17–19 However, most of the body's vital activities do not produce sweat, making long-term and real-time CGM monitoring impossible.…”