Ultra-stretchable and skin-mountable strain sensors using carbon nanotubes–Ecoflex nanocomposites

Amjadi, Morteza; Yoon, Yong Jin; Park, Inkyu

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/26/37/375501

Cited by 706 publications

(584 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…To measure multiaxial strain, techniques such as arranging multiple sensors with rosette configuration, [135,136] anisotropic electrical impedance tomography, [137] and stacking strain sensors with low cross-sensitivity along different directions were adopted. For instance, three identical transparent graphene/PDMS strain sensors were arranged into Delta rosette with relative orientations of 120 °C, as shown in Figure 4f.…”

Section: Multiaxial Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[135] Similar rosette arrangements were also used for CNT-Ecoflex nanocomposite enabled strain sensors. [136] The multiaxial strain sensor in rosette configurations enables the detection of the amplitude and direction of the maximum principle strain. The electrical responses of a stretchable sensor along different axes are usually coupled due to Poisson's effect.…”

Section: Multiaxial Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

469

296

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humidity level, and concentration of harmful gases, and airborne particulates can provide valuable information for the prediction, management, and treatment of chronic diseases. [4,5] In addition to the applications in wearable health monitoring, continuous tracking of daily and sports activities can offer an efficient way to assess the well-being and athletic performances. [6] In order to ensure a robust and conformal contact with the curvilinear, coarse, and dynamic surface of skin without impeding daily activities, the wearable sensor should have low modulus and high stretchability. The epidermis has a modulus of 140-600 kPa while the dermis has an even lower modulus of 2-80 kPa. [7] Skin itself can be stretched elastically up to 15% and with the help of wrinkles and creases, the overall stretchability can reach as high as 100% during daily motions. [8] In addition to good wearability, wearable sensors should be highly sensitive, lightweight, low-cost, and with low power consumption. To achieve these features, nanomaterials that are compliant, possessing larger surface area and exceptional material properties, and compatible with low-cost fabrication processes are widely employed as building blocks for developing wearable sensors.In this review, we start from a brief overview of nanomaterials, their related structural designs and fabrication processes (Section 2). Following that, recent advances of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and other sensors will be summarized (Section 3). A survey on the integration of multiple sensors and other components into wearable systems will be given in Section 4. The application of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors for healthcare including health monitoring, activity tracking, and electronic skin will be presented in Section 5. The challenges and opportunities will be discussed at the end. Nanomaterials, Structural Designs, and Fabrication ProcessesNanomaterials can be classified into two categories-top-down fabricated ones and bottom-up synthesized ones. [9] The focus of this review is on the wearable sensors based on bottom-up synthesized nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized into various dimensions, from 0D such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), to 1D such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic nanowires (NWs), to 2D such as graphene and transition metal Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, nanomaterials are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with...

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Section: Multiaxial Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiaxial Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

469

296

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“…Additionally, carbon nanotube resistive strain sensors can be fabricated using low-cost soft lithography techniques [17]. In this work, a soft pneumatic bending actuator with an integrated carbon nanotube position sensor is demonstrated by integrating a carbon nanotube resistive large-strain sensor with a PneuNets-type soft pneumatic bending actuator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Pneumatic Bending Actuator with Integrated Carbon Nanotube Displacement Sensor

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The excellent compliance and large range of motion of soft actuators controlled by fluid pressure has lead to strong interest in applying devices of this type for biomimetic and human-robot interaction applications. However, in contrast to soft actuators fabricated from stretchable silicone materials, conventional technologies for position sensing are typically rigid or bulky and are not ideal for integration into soft robotic devices. Therefore, in order to facilitate the use of soft pneumatic actuators in applications where position sensing or closed loop control is required, a soft pneumatic bending actuator with an integrated carbon nanotube position sensor has been developed. The integrated carbon nanotube position sensor presented in this work is flexible and well suited to measuring the large displacements frequently encountered in soft robotics. The sensor is produced by a simple soft lithography process during the fabrication of the soft pneumatic actuator, with a greater than 30% resistance change between the relaxed state and the maximum displacement position. It is anticipated that integrated resistive position sensors using a similar design will be useful in a wide range of soft robotic systems.

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“…Despite impressive performances of these adhesives, developing a new type of skin patch capable of conformal attachment, high repeatability, and contamination‐free, remains a challenge. This is because skin is known to have extraordinary stretchability (ε > 100% where ε is the strain),13 high roughness (maximum height ≈40 µm and root‐mean‐square (RMS) ≈22 µm),14 and is often covered with moisture and numerous hairs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Adaptable and Biocompatible Octopus‐Like Adhesive Patches with Meniscus‐Controlled Unfoldable 3D Microtips for Underwater Surface and Hairy Skin

et al. 2018

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Adhesion capabilities of various skin architectures found in nature can generate remarkable physical interactions with their engaged surfaces. Among them, octopus suckers have unique hierarchical structures for reversible adhesion in dry and wet conditions. Here, highly adaptable, biocompatible, and repeatable adhesive patches with unfoldable, 3D microtips in micropillars inspired by the rim and infundibulum of octopus suction cup are presented. The bioinspired synthetic adhesives are fabricated by controlling the meniscus of a liquid precursor in a simple molding process without any hierarchical assemblies or additional surface treatments. Experimental and theoretical studies are investigated upon to increase the effective contact area between unfoldable microtips of devices, and enhance adhesion performances and adaptability on a Si wafer in both dry and underwater conditions (max. 11 N cm−2 in pull‐off strength) as well as on a moist pigskin (max. 14.6 mJ peeling energy). Moreover, the geometry‐controlled microsuckers exhibit high‐repeatability (over 100 cycles) in a pull‐off direction. The adhesive demonstrates stable attachments on a moist, hairy, and rough skin, without any observable chemical residues.

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Ultra-stretchable and skin-mountable strain sensors using carbon nanotubes–Ecoflex nanocomposites

Cited by 706 publications

References 64 publications

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Soft Pneumatic Bending Actuator with Integrated Carbon Nanotube Displacement Sensor

Highly Adaptable and Biocompatible Octopus‐Like Adhesive Patches with Meniscus‐Controlled Unfoldable 3D Microtips for Underwater Surface and Hairy Skin

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